牛津英语五年下册知识点梳理

第一篇：牛津英语五年下册知识点梳理

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五年级下册知识点

Unit1 词组: 1.在星期一上午 on Monday morning 2.今天下午 this afternoon 3.三节数学课 three Maths lessons 4.新学期 the new term 5.第一节课 the first lesson 6.立刻、马上 at once 7.10门学科 ten subjects 8.一节有趣的课 an interesting lesson 9.你呢？ How about you? 10.在一周内 in a week 11.欢迎回来 welcome back 12.我的课程表 my timetable 13.在星期三 on Wednesday 14.星期天晚上 Sunday evening 15.这个学期 this term 16.上一堂艺术课 have an Art lesson 17.每天 every day 18.一个窍门 a trick 19.让我想想 let me see 20.非常 very much

句型: 1．我们可以用下列句型来谈论学习的科目、课表，如：

What lessons do you have in the morning/afternoon? 上午/下午你们有什么课程？ What lessons do you have on Monday/ Wednesday?(注意：在星期几用on)星期一/星期三你们有什么课程？

What subject do you like? 你喜欢什么科目？ I like English.How about you? 我喜欢英语。那你呢？ I like Science.我喜欢科学。2．我们想要询问今天是星期几时，可以用；

--What day is it today?--It’s Monday.--What day is it?-Today is Wednesday.3.Nice to see you.(同义句)Nice to meet you.词形转换 : China(形容词)—Chinese here(同音词)—hear lesson(同义词)—class good(反义词)—bad interest(形容词)—interesting buy(同音词)—by/bye minus(反义词)—plus she(宾格)—her right(同音词)—write he(宾格)—him right(反义词)—wrong open(反义词)—close

Unit2 词组:

1.a telephone call 一个电话 2.at school在学校 3.call her(宾格)给她打电话 4.after lunch午饭后 5.speak to Helen 和海伦通话 6.speak to him和他说话

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7.a bad cough 严重的咳嗽 8.a high fever高烧

9.be absent缺席 10.stay in bed呆在床上 11.stay at home呆在家里 12.get better soon尽快好起来

13.still feel ill依然觉得病的 14.take some medicine吃一些药 15.feel better感觉好些 16.Classes are over.所有的课结束了。17.School is over.放学了.18.get some fruit for you给你带一些水果 19.See you soon.一会见。20.Anything else? 还有别的什么吗？ 21.open your mouth张开你的嘴 22.close the window关窗 23.have a lot of rest多休息 24.choose one to call选择一个打 25.look at these numbers看这些号码 26..wrong number打错电话 27.go to see a doctor去看医生 28.want my mother想要我的妈妈 29.love that fat monkey喜爱那只胖猴

句型:

1.How do you feel now? 你现在觉得怎么样啊？

I feel„(tired, hot, thirsty, ill„)我觉得„（累的，热的，渴的，病的）。I can get a / some „ for you.我能给你一个/ 一些„。

How do you feel now? I feel tired.Sit here and have a rest..你现在感觉如何？我感觉很累。坐下休息。

2.What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了？(相当于What’s the matter with you?)I’ve got a „(fever, toothache, cold, cough„)我得了„（发烧，牙痛，感冒，咳嗽„）。I’m sorry to hear that.听到这我感到很抱歉。拓展为：

 What’s wrong with him? He has got a toothache.他怎么了？他牙疼了。 What’s wrong with her? She has got a bad cold.她怎么了？她得重感冒了。3.May I speak to Helen ? This is Helen speaking.我可以和海伦通话吗？我是海伦。

4.Why are you absent today? 你今天为什么缺席？（=Why are you not here today?）5.See you soon.一会见。

6.I hope you get better soon.我希望你尽快好起来。难点解析

1.电话用语 Who’s that speaking? 请问你是谁？Is that Helen?你是海伦吗？ May I speak to Helen? 我可以和海伦通话吗？

This is Helen./ This is Helen speaking.我是海伦。如果有人打错电话，你应说Sorry, wrong number.2.absent 缺席 → be absent → be absent from school / work Why are you absent today? 你今天为什么缺席（不在）？ Many students are absent today.许多学生今天缺席了。3.相关词汇 late → be late

The boy is late for school.这个男孩上学迟到了。Don’t be late for school again 不要再迟到了。3.I’m sorry to hear that.我听见这些很遗憾。

4.What’s wrong with you? = What’s the matter with you? I’ve got = I have got He’s got = He has got She’s got= She has got

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Unit3 词组: 1.take photos拍照 2.go shopping（去）购物 3.collect stamps集邮 4.make model ships做模型船 5.make clothes做衣服 6.grow flowers种花

7.draw pictures画画 8.make model planes做模型飞机 9.read newspapers看报纸 10.read magazines看杂志

11.make cakes做蛋糕 12.cook nice food做美味的食物 13.wash clothes 洗衣服 14.do housework做家务

15.fly a kite放风筝 16.listen to music听音乐

17.water the flowers浇花 18.play football踢足球 19.play cards打牌 20.play chess下棋 21.watch TV看电视

22.play computer games 玩电脑游戏 23.have many hobbies有许多爱好 24.many beautiful stamps许多漂亮的邮票

25.show them to his classmates把它们给他的同学看 26.show us his stamps 给我们看他的邮票

27.Chinese stamps中国邮票 28.animal stamps动物邮票 29.Here they are.它们在这儿。30.write music 写音乐

31.make pretty dresses for my doll 给我的洋娃娃做漂亮的连衣裙 32.the same hobby相同的爱好 32.use a computer使用电脑 33.use chopsticks使用筷子

句型:

1、关于业余爱好，我们可以问：

Do you have any hobbies?你有些爱好吗？ Yes, I do.I like „(taking photos)No, I don’t.是的，我有。我喜欢。。（拍照）/ 不，我不喜欢。可以拓展为：

Does Ben have any hobbies ? Yes , he does.He likes collecting Chinese stamps.吗？是的。他喜欢收集中国邮票。

Does your uncle have the same hobby? Yes, he does.你叔叔有同样的爱好吗？是的。Does she like going shopping? No, she doesn’t她喜欢购物吗？不，她不喜欢。

2、也可以问：

What’s your hobby ? I like growing flowers.Me , too.你的爱好是什么？我喜欢种花。我也是。

What’s your grandmother’s hobby ? She likes making clothes.你祖母的爱好是什么？他喜欢做衣服。

3、叙述某人的爱好，我们可以说：

He / She likes „(going shopping).他 / 她喜欢。。（去购物）。He / She doesn’t like„(growing flowers).他 / 她不喜欢。。（种花）

4、Do you water the flowers every day ? Sometimes I do.Sometimes I don’t.你每天浇花吗？有时我浇。有时不浇。

5.Ben’s hobby is collecting stamps.本的爱好是集邮。

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知识点:

一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式：

1、一般情况加-s reads, says, takes

2、以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词加-es teaches, washes, goes, watches

3、以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries

Unit4 词组:

1.speak loudly 大声地讲话 2.run fast 跑得快 3.jump high 跳得高 4.sit quietly 安静地坐着 5.dance beautifully跳舞跳的优美 6.walk carefully 小心地走 7.swim well 游泳游得好 8.an English friend一位英国朋友 9.write an e-mail写一封电子邮件 10.his English friend他的英国朋友 11.in the computer room在电脑房里 12.want to play table tennis 想要打乒乓 13.play table tennis with Wang Bing 和王冰打乒乓 14.write to me 写信给我 15.write an e-mail to my English friend写一封电子邮件给我的朋友

16.a letter for me 一封给我的信 17.surf the internet浏览网页 18.live in London 住在伦敦

19.live in a small town near London住在伦敦附近的一个小镇里

20.study Chinese学习语文 swim well 游泳游得好 study well / play well 21.from Monday to Friday从星期一到星期五

22.every day 每一天 23.every week 每一周 24.under the tree在树下

25.in the sea 在大海里 26.do exercise 做锻炼 27.on the beach 在海滩上28.from my Uncle Lee来自我的李叔叔

句型:

1.Does Mike jump high? Yes, he does.麦克跳得高吗？是的，他跳得高。2.What does Mike usually do on Sundays? He usually takes photos.他通常星期日做什么？他通常拍照。

2.What subjects does he study at school ? He studies English , Maths , Science and Art.他在校学习什么科目？他学英语，数学，科学和美术。

4．My mother washes clothes in the evening.我妈妈在晚上洗衣服。

5．How does your father go to work ? He usually goes to work by bus.你父亲通常怎么去上班？他一般乘公交车去。5.We’re the same age.我们是同龄人。

知识点: 1.在一般现在时中，行为动词与he, she, it等第三人称单数的搭配时须在行为动词后加s或es，我们来看例句：

－He likes English very much.他非常喜欢英语。

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2.将句子变为一般疑问句时要借助于助动词does来帮忙，此时行为动词要用动词原形，如： －Does he like English very much? －Yes, he does.Unit6 词组:

1.at a PE lesson在一节体育课上 2.give orders 发命令

3.try to„试着(做某事)4.follow the orders跟随命令 5.stand in a line站成一排 6.do some exercise做些锻炼

7.put your feet together双脚并拢 8.put your knees together双膝并拢 9.jump up and down上下跳 10.listen carefully仔细地听

11.turn left 向左转 12.turn right向右转 13.turn left and right 左右转 14.put „on„把„放在„上 15.touch„ with„用„触摸„ 16.do this ten times这样做十次 17.lie on one’s back仰躺

18.lie on his back（他）仰躺 19.lift up your left leg提起你的左腿 20.lift up your arms抬起你的双臂 21.stand up起立

22.feel tired感觉累的 23.touch the flowers with her mouth用她的嘴触摸花 24.move your legs to the left把你的腿移向左边 25.move them to the right把它们移向右边 26.move the table here把桌子移到这儿

27.put the plate on his finger把盘子放在他的手指上

28.stand on the man’s shoulders站在那个男人的肩上（复）29.sit on the woman’s knee坐在那个女人的膝盖上（单）30.want to be healthy想要健康

句型:

1、站成一排。Stand in a line.2、让我们做一些运动。Let’s do some exercise.3、现在请仔细地听。Now, listen carefully

4、上下跳。Jump up and down.5、做这个„„次。Do this „ times.Do this ten times.6、把„„放在„„上面。Put„ on„

如：Put the pineapple on your head.把菠萝放在你的头上。

Put your hands on your head.All right.把你的双手放在你的头上。好的。Put this rubber on your nose.OK.把这橡皮放在你的鼻子上。好的。Can you put this big grape on your mouth ? Yes , I can.你能把这个大葡萄放在你的嘴上吗？是的，我会。

7、用„„触摸„„touch„with„

他很喜欢英语吗？

是的，他很喜欢。

他哥哥喜欢什么科目？ 3.第三人称单数的特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的基础上，再于句首加上特殊疑问词，如： －What subject does her brother like? －He likes Chinese.他喜欢语文。

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如： Touch your left leg with your right hand.OK.用你的右手摸你的左腿。好的。Touch your right shoulder with your left hand.用你的左手摸你的右肩。 用„„触摸„„多少次 touch„with„ „times Touch your left leg with your right hand three times.Touch your toes with your fingers three times.用你的手指触摸你的脚趾三次。8.Turn left and right seven times.左右转体七次。

9.Lie on your back and lift up your legs eight times.仰躺，抬起你的双腿八次。10.The boy has two small eyes and a big mouth.这个男孩有双大眼睛和一张大嘴 11.It has two heads , two necks , four arms , eight fingers and six legs.它有两个头，两个脖子，四条手臂，八个手指和六条腿。

Unit7 词组:

1.没有时间休息 have no time for rest 2.没有时间吃早饭have no time for breakfast 3.起床 get up 4.准备be ready for 5.准备吃早饭 be ready for breakfast 6.准备吃午餐(be)ready for lunch 7.去学校 go to school 8.洗脸 wash one’s face 9.刷牙 brush one’s teeth 10.值日 on duty 11.观看足球比赛 watch a football game 12.看电视 watch TV 13.真的很热 be really hot 14.确实忙be really busy 15.开始上课 classes begin 16.快点 be quick 17.随身带些面包 take some bread with me 18.让我们快点 Let’s hurry 19.还没有 not yet 20.在夜间 at night 21.该是做某事的时候了 it’s time for sth/ it’s time to do sth 22.几点what time is it?/what’s the time? 23.在四点一刻 at a quarter past four 24.六点五十 ten to seven 25.十二点四十五 a quarter to one 26.十一点一刻 a quarter past eleven 27.三点半 half past three 28.在六点半at half past six 29.十二点差一刻 a quarter to twelve 30.太迟了it’s late 31.忙碌的一天 a busy day 32.吃早饭have breakfast 33.吃午饭have lunch 34.吃晚饭have supper 35.吃正餐have dinner 36.回家come home go home 37.（去）睡觉go to bed 38.需要打扫图书馆need to clean the library 39做家庭作业do one’s homework 40.想要看电视 want to watch TV 41.骑自行车ride a bike 42.骑马 ride a horse 43.放风筝fly a kite

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44.洗衣服wash clothes 45.步行 on foot 46.在星星公园at Star Park 47.打排球play volleyball 48.打乒乓play table tennis 49.去参加聚会go to the party 50.加入我的行列join me 51.看钟look at the clock 52.从早上七点到晚上十点from seven in the morning to ten at night

句型:

1、询问几点了？可以用

What’s the time? = What time is it? It’s„

2、.„.的时间到了。/ 该„了。 It’s time to„(动词词组)如：It’s time to have breakfast. It’s time for„（名词）如：It’s time for breakfast.3、想和我一起吗？ Do you want to join me（宾格）? Yes./ No, I’m „.4、他没时间吃早饭。

He has no time for breakfast.(同义句)He doesn’t have any time for breakfast.（no=not any）

5、她在十点睡觉。She goes to bed at ten o’clock.注意：

在具体的几点钟前面，我们用“at”如：at ten o’clock.在哪一天 如在星期几前面我们则用“on”on Monday 在一段时间里我们则用“in” in the morning /in a week

Unit8 词组:

1.at the weekends 在周末 2.Friday afternoon星期五下午

3.talk about谈论(某事)4.talk about their weekends谈论他们的周末 5.talk about our hobbies谈论我们的爱好 6.spend one’s weekends过周末

7.spend your /my/his/her weekends 度过你的/我的/他的 /她的周末 8.surf the Internet上网 9.very interesting非常有趣 10.learn a lot from it 从中学到很多 11.learn „ from him 向他学习„ 12.every Saturday and Sunday每星期六和星期日

13.like sport喜欢运动 14.how about„怎么样

15.of course当然 16.play on the swings荡秋千 17.go to the cinema去电影院 18.go to the park去公园 19.go climbing 去爬山 20.go swimming去游泳 21.go fishing 去钓鱼 22.go skating去溜冰

23.go skiing 去滑雪 24.watch TV at home在家看电视

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25.watch cartoons看动画片 25.listen to music听音乐 26.do housework做家务 27.wash the clothes 洗衣服 28.read English 读英语 29.draw pictures画画 30.clean the rooms打扫房间 31.sing beautifully唱歌动听 32.fly high飞得高 33.our good friends 我们的好朋友 34.primary school小学

35.study at Yu Cai Primary School在育才小学学习

36.like insects very much非常喜欢昆虫 37.a lot of insects许多昆虫 38.other interesting insects其它有趣的昆虫

39.carry big things搬运大东西 40.dance in the flowers在花丛中跳舞 41.catch butterflies捉蝴蝶 42.catch fireflies 捕捉萤火虫 43.put them in the bottles把它们放在瓶子里 句型:

询问别人的周末生活，我们可以说：

1.1.How do you spend your weekends? I often„./ Sometimes I „ 你怎样度你的周末呢？我经常„/有时我„

如：How do you spend your weekends? I often go shopping.你怎样过周末的？我通常去购物。How do you spend your weekends? I often watch cartoons./ Sometimes I watch cartoons.2.2、How does „spend his / her weekends? He/ She often„ / Sometimes he/ she„(„怎样度他/她的周末呢？ 他/她经常„ / 有时他/他„)如： How does Yang Ling spend her weekends? She often does her homework.Sometimes she reads English books.杨玲怎样过周末的？她经常做家庭作业，有时她看英语书。

注意：当主语是第三人称单数时，动词也要变成第三人单数形式。通常是在动词后加s或es.Unit9 单词:

国家 _____国的 ____国人（复数）该国语言

China Chinese Chinese（Chinese）Chinese Japan Japanese Japanese(Japanese)Japanese(the)UK British British（British）English(the)USA American American（Americans）English Australia Australian Australian(Australians)English France French French(French)French 词组:

1.the English Club英语俱乐部 2.her American friend她的美国朋友 3.talk to him和他说话 4.be from =come from 来自„ 5.be from Australia来自澳大利亚 6.be from the USA来自美国 7.an American visitor一个美国来访者 8.live in New York住在纽约

9.live in China住在中国 10.speak English and Chinese说英语和汉语

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11.what country什么国家 12.the same country同一个国家 13.different countries不同的国家 14.Nancy’s brother 南希的兄弟 15.a big city一个大城市 16.would like to 想要（做某事）17.I’d like to visit it.我想要参观它。

18.talk to her Chinese friends和她的中国朋友交谈

19.like teaching 喜欢教书 20.like Chinese very much非常喜欢汉语 21.teach English in a primary school在小学教英语 22.learn „from 某人(宾格)向某人学„

learn Chinese from me向我学中文 learn English from him向他学英语 23.write stories（stroy的复数）写故事 write stories about them写关于他们的故事

句型:

1．Where are you from? I’m from China.I’m Chinese.你从哪里来？我来自中国。我是中国人。

2．Where is Nancy from? She is from the UK.She’s British.Nancy来自哪里？她来自英国。她是英国人。

3．Where is Ben from? He is from the USA.He’s American.Ben来自哪里？他来自美国。他是美国人。

4．Are they from Australia? No, they aren’t.They are from Japan.他们来自澳大利亚吗？不。他们来自日本。

5．Do you speak Chinese? Yes, I do.I speak English ,too.你说中文吗？是的，我说。我也说英语。

6．Do you speak French? No, I don’t.I speak Japanese and English.你说法语吗？不，我不说。我说汉语和英语。.Does he speak Japanese ? No, he doesn’t.He speaks French.他说日语吗？不。他说法语。

8、I speak „ 我说„ 如：I speak Chinese.我说汉语。（否定形式）I don’t speak„ He/She speaks„ 他/她说

（否定形式）He/She doesn’t speak„他/她不说

第二篇：牛津英语上海版三年级下册知识点整理

牛津英语上海版三年级下册知识点整理

Module1 Using my five senses Unit1 Seeing and hearing 词汇：

aeroplane飞机

bus公共汽车

ship轮船

car小汽车

字母：

Ch-chick小鸡

chair椅子 语法知识：

What can you hear/see? I can hear/see...Unit2 Touching and feeling 词汇：

pineapple菠萝

cake蛋糕

bag袋子 bread面包

glass玻璃杯 字母：

Sh-ship轮船

shop商店 语法知识：

How does it/do they feel? It’s/They’re...Unit3.Tasting and smelling 生词：

sweet

lemon sour salt salty coffee 字母：

wh-whale white 语法：

How does it smell/taste? It’s...Module2 My favourite things Unit1 Animals 生词：

tiger lion

panda

monkey 音标：

-ck clock rock 语法：

Do you like...? Yes,I do.No,I don’t.Unit2 Toys

bitter 牛津英语上海版三年级下册知识点整理

生词：

toy train

doll

skateboard

robot 音标：

-ll

small

tall

wall 语法：

What do you like? I like...Unit3 Clothes 生词：

Hat scarf jacket a pair of gloves

a pair of socks 音标：

-ss classroom glass 语法：

What are these/those? They’re...Module3 Things around us Unit1 Shapes 生词：

Circle

square

triangle

stare

rectangle 音标：

-ff

turn off

take off 语法： I have...Unit2 Colours 生词：

Sky sea mountain

river 音标：

-cl clothes

pl-plant

gl-gloves 语法：

What colour is/are...? It’s/They’re...Unit3 Seasons 生词：

Plant a tree

have a picnic

ice-skate

ski 音标：

Bl-blue

fl-flower

sl-slowly 语法：

What season is it?

a pair of shoes 牛津英语上海版三年级下册知识点整理

Is it...?

Module4 More things to learn Unit1 My body 生词：

A body

a head

fingers

a knee

a foot

a shoulder

an arm

a hand

a leg 语法： I have...My...is/are...Unit2 Children’s Day 生词：

Park

cinema

zoo 语法：

What do yo do on Children’s Day?

第三篇：2014PEP4四年级英语下册知识点梳理 新版 Ally_Lai

四年级英语下册知识点梳理

Unit1My school我的学校

会听写单词：watertigersistercomputerdinner(要求会读ruler under number eraser winter after river)

四会单词：first floor一楼 second floor二楼 teachers’ office 教师办公室 libray 图书馆 playground 操场library 图书馆 art room 美术室computer room 电脑室music room 音乐教室三会词语： gym 体育馆next to在...近旁homework 作业class 班级forty 四十way 方向 四会句子：Where’s the teachers’ office?--It’s on the second floor.Is this the teachers’ office?--No, it isn’t.The teachers’ office is next to the library.Is that the computer room?--Yes, it is.(近处用this，远处用that)

Do you have a library?--Yes, we do./No, we don’t.短语：Go to the library.read a book.Go to the teachers’ office, say hello.Go to the the playground.Go to the garden water the flowers.句型：

（Where 哪里；是对地点的提问）

1.——Where is the art room? 美术室在哪里？——It’s on the first / second floor.在一/二楼。

2.This is the teacher’s office.这个是教师办公室。This is+…这个是…

3.That is my classroom.那个是我们教室That is…那个是…

4.How many students are there in your class?在你班里有多少个学生

Forty-five students.45个学生。

（How many 是对数量的提问，答句中必须有数字。）

5.The gym is on the first floor.体育场在一楼。

6.Your school is beautiful/cool.你的学校很漂亮/很酷。

7.——Is this/that the library?这个/那个是图书馆吗？——Yes, it is.是的，它是。/ No, it isn’t.不，它不是。

8.This way ,please.请这边走。

Unit2What time is it ? 几点了？

会听写单词：girlbirdnursehamburger(要求会读dirtbirthhurt)

四会单词：lunch 午饭English class英语课music class音乐课breakfast 早饭dinner正餐P.E class 体育课 over结束 now现在 o’clock....点钟 kid小孩 thirty三十 hurry up 快点

get up起床go to school 去学校go home回家go to bed上床睡觉 come on 快、加油just a minus.稍等一会

四会句子：1.——What time is it ? 现在几点了？——It’s six o’clock.六点了。

2.It’s 9:45.It’s time for English class.9点45分了，该是上英语课的时候了。

3.It’s time to get up.短语：

It’s time for breakfast.Let’s drink some milk.It’s time for lunch.Let’s have some chicken.It’s time for dinner.Let’s eat some rice.It’s time for PE class.Let’s jump and run.It’s time for English class.Let’s read and write.It’s time for music class.Let’s sing and dance.句型：

1.——Let’s go home/go to the playground.——Ok！让我们回家/去操场吧！-好的！

2.——What time is it now?—— It’s five o’clock.现在几点了？现在五点了。

It’s 6:00, it’s time for dinner.六点了，到上吃饭时间了。It’s 7:05.It’s time to go to school.7:05了，到去上学的时间了。

Breakfast is ready.早饭准备好了。School is over.放学了。

3.What time is it in Beijing/London/Sydney/New York?现在北京/伦敦/悉尼/纽约几点了？

4.Time to go home.到回家的时间了。

5.I’m ready.我准备好了。

知识点：

1.（What time 几点，表示时间。）-What time is it now? 现在几点了？-It’s 5:00(five o’clock).现在五点了。

2.（It's time for +…到…时间了。for+名词）It's time for dinner.到吃晚饭时间了。

3.（It's time to +…到干…的时间了。to+动词）It's time to get up.4.a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午P.E.是体育

Unit3Weather天气

会听写单词：armcarcardballtallwall(要求会读farm far)

四会单词：warm 暖和cool凉爽 cold寒冷 hot炎热snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的 rainy 下雨的windy 刮风的cloudy 多云的三会词语：outside 在户外 be careful小心 weather 天气 New York 纽约 how about....怎样 degree 度数 world 世界 London 伦敦 Moscow莫斯科 Singapore新加坡城 Sydney 悉尼 fly 放飞 love 爱四会句子：

1.It’s warm today.Let’s play football.今天是暖和的，让我们一起去踢足球吧！

2.It’s cold outside..外面冷。

3.Is it cold? 今天冷吗？Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.Can I go outside now? 现在我能出去吗？Yes, you can./No, you can’t.It’s cold outside.What’s the weather like in New York?纽约天气怎样？ It’s rainy.7.It’s 26 degree.是26度。

短语：put on a hat 戴上帽子 take off the shoes脱下鞋子 have to 必须；不得不world weather report 世界天气预报

句型：

1.This is the weather report, it’s cool / warm in Lhasa / Harbin / Hong Kong.这是天气预报，拉萨/哈尔滨/香港天气凉爽/暖和。

2.-Can I wear my new shirt today? –No, you can’t./ Yes, you can.我今天可以穿上我的新裙子吗？不，你不能。/是的，你可以。

3.Here’s the world weather report, it’s rainy / snowy in London / Moscow?现在是世界天气预报，伦敦/莫斯科下雨/下雪。

4.—What are you doing?—Not much.你正在做什么呢？没事什么。

5.—What’s the weather like in Beijing?—It’s snowy today.北京天气如何？今天下雪。

知识点：（一般疑问句：问句用的Can I …？我能…。）

Can I wear my new shirt today? 我今天能穿我的新衬衣吗？Yes, you can.是的，你可以。/No, you can't.不，你不可以。

（What's the weather like + 地方）What's the weather like in Beijing? 北京天气如何？

Unit4At a farm.在农场

会听写单词：horseforkhomeworkworld map(要求会读fork for born world horse work)

四会单词：sheep 绵羊hen母鸡cow牛tomato 西红柿potato土豆carrot胡萝卜 horse 马

三会词语： these 这些 those 那些 yum好吃 animal动物 goat 山羊 garden花园 farm农场 eat 吃 四会句子：

1.—Are these carrots ? 这些是胡萝卜吗？—Yes,they are.是的，它们是/ No, they aren’t.不，它们不是。

2.--Are they hens? No, they aren’t.They’re ducks.3.--What are these/those? They’re tomatoes.句型：

1.—What are these/those? 这、那些是什么？—They are goats.它们是山羊。

2.—Are these/those sheep / horses? 这/那些是绵羊/马吗？ —Yes, they are.是的，它们是。/ No, they aren’t 不，它们不是。

3.Look at the green beans.They’re so long!.看这些豆角。它们很长。

4.—What are these? 它们是什么？—They are carrots / onions.它们是胡萝卜/洋葱。

.知识点：

（一般疑问句Are these/those… ?这些/那些是…。答句: Yes, they are.是的，它们是。/ No, they aren't.不，它们不是。）

Are these/those sheep?Yes, they are.。/ No, they aren't.Are these tomatoes ? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.（Look at …看…）Look at the hens.看那些母鸡。

（How many 是对可数名词的提问，回答要用数据。）How many do you have? 你有多少啊？

（What are these? 它们是什么？ They are….它们是…。）

Unit5My clothes 我的衣物

会听写单词：applepeopletable(要求会读little uncle)

四会单词：sweater 毛衣jeans 牛仔裤pants 裤子socks 短袜shoes 鞋shorts 短裤 jacket 夹克shirt 衬衣skirt短裙dress裙子T-shirt T恤

三会词语：yours 你们的 whose谁的 mine我的 pack 收拾 wait等待

四会句子：

1.——Is this John’s? 这是约翰的吗？——Yes, it is.是的，它是。/No,it’s not.不，不是。

2.--Are these yours? 这些是你的吗？ No, they aren’t.Yes, they are.3.--Whose coat is this? 这是谁的外套？ It’s mine.这是我的。

短语：Put on your shirt.穿上你的衬衫。Hang up your dress.挂起你的连衣裙。Take off your hat.脱下你的帽子。Wash your skirt.洗洗你的短裙。Put away your pants.收起你的裤子。

句型：

1、My shoes are green.They’re Chen Jie’s.2、I like that green skirt.---Me , too.2、Can you help me, please?请你帮我好吗？ OK./Sure./Of,course.好的4、——Whose is this /it/ that?——It’s my T-shirt / your brother’s.___Whose pants are these/those?---They’re your father’s.5、——Where are my socks?——They’re on the bed.我的短袜在哪里？它们在床上。

6、What colour is it/are they?它/它们是什么颜色？It’s /They are white.它/它们是白色。

Unit6shopping 购物

会听写单词：work工作sir先生turn转向 circle圈 park公园 mall购物商场

四会单词：glove 手套 scarf 围巾 umbrella雨伞 sunglass 太阳镜 pretty 可爱的、漂亮的 nice好的cheap 便宜的expensive昂贵的三会词语：try on试穿 size尺码 of course当然 too太；也 just刚好 how much多少钱 eighty 八十 dollar美元 sale大减价 more 更多 us我们

四会句子：1.——How much is it? 多少钱？——It’s ten yuan.10元。

2.——How much are they ?它们多少钱？——They’re three dollars.3美元。

3.Can I help you ?我能为你做点什么？--Yes.Can I try them on? Size 6,please.是的，我能试

穿吗？请给我6号的。

4.They’re too small.它们太小了。

5.I’ll take it.我会买它。

短语：tryon 试穿 put on 穿上 take off脱下 just right刚刚好how much多少钱look at 看 句型：

1.—Can I help you? –Yes, these shoess are nice.Can I try them on?我能帮助你吗？好的，这双鞋子很好，我能试穿吗？

2.—What size?—Size five.多大号码？五号.3.Are they OK?They’re just right.它们可以吗？它们刚刚好。

特殊疑问句

1.whose 谁的，答句必须出现物主性代词（物主代词：my/mine,your/yours,人名’s, his,her/hers）--Whose is it？谁的? It’s Amy’s它是艾米的2.where哪里。答句一般有方位词（on, in, under ,near ,next to）

3.what 什么，是对―是什么‖的提问。—What are those? 那些是什么？—These are carrots.4 what time.什么时间。What time is it? It’s one o’clock.what colour.什么颜色。What colour are they? They are yellow.What size?Size 6.什么码数？ 6码。what’s the weather like today?今天天气如何？---It’s rainy/sunny/cloudy/windy/smowy.8.who 谁。回答包括人物关系。--Who’s that woman? She’s my mother.9.how many多少个。回答含有数字。How many students are there in your class?---Forty.10.how much多少钱。回答含有金钱。How much is this coat.--It’s 89 dollars.How are you?你好吗？--Fine, thank you!How old are you?你多少岁--I’m eleven years old.How do you like this skirt?你喜欢这条裙子吗？--It’s very pretty/nice/cute/cool/beautiful.14 How about/What about.....?....怎么样

一般疑问句(回答是yes或no)Is this the teachers’ office? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.Is it cold? Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.Is he your father? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.Is she in the living room?Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.Are these/those/they carrots? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.Are these yours? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.Do you have a library? Yes, we do./No, we don’t.Do you like pears? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.Can I have some water?Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.单复数

is---areit---theyit---themthis---thesethat----those

it is----they areis it----are theytomato---tomatoes potato—potatoes

scarf--scarvesstrawberry--strawberries

一般以复数出现的物品： clothes衣服，pants长裤，shorts短裤，glasses眼镜，gloves手套，socks袜子，shoes鞋子，chopsticks筷子，dollars美元four11 eleven12 twelve13 thirteen14 fourteen 15 fifteenfive7 seven20 twenty30 thirty40 forty50 fiftysixteen17 seventeen18 eighteen19 nineteen100 one hundred

sixty70 seventy80 eighty90 ninety101 one hundred and one

第四篇：七年级英语下册_知识点总结_牛津上海版

七年级英语下册 知识点总结 牛津上海版

Module 1 Garden City and its neighbours Unit 1 Writing a travel guide Unit 2 Going to see a film Unit 3 A visit to Garden City Unit 4 Let’s go shopping

1.How are you getting on with your travel guide? get on with “进展”;“与„„相处(融洽)”

I’m getting on well with the preparation.How are you getting on with your new classmates?

2.be famous for„(以 /由于„„出名)be(well)known as„(以 / 作为„.被人知晓)Shanghai is famous for its night views.Shanghai is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” becausethere are a lot of department stores and huge shopping centres.上海被誉为“购物天堂”，因为上海有

很多百货商店和大型购物中心。

Qingpu is famous for its fish and rice.3.It is + adj.+ that(主语从句), 表示 “„„太„„了” It is wonderful that we can have dinner on the 91st floor in Shanghai World Financial Centre.It is not surprising that many tourists come to visit Shanghai every year to shop.It is + adj.+ to do sth.It is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi.=To travel between Pudong and Puxi is convenient.It is terrible to have dinner in this restaurant.The food tastes awful.=To have dinner in this restaurant is terrible.4.If you go there, you will see a huge open area with green grass, trees, fountains and pigeons.主句用一般将来（或can, may, must），从句用一般现在时。

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Firemen will have no water to put out fires if there is no rain.We’ll go on an outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.If you go there, you can find a famous church.5.The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes.磁悬浮列车可以在八分钟之内将你带到国际机场。

take sb.to „ “带某人去某地”

in + 时间段, 表示 1.“在......之内”； 2.“在„„之后” My father used to take me to the park nearly every weekend.It takes you about eight minutes to travel to the international airport by Maglev.The artist could draw a horse in five minutes.I would like to be an English teacher in 10 years’ time.My father will be back from Australia in a week.Travelling in Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China.It is an international city.It is famous for its night views, local snacks.It is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” because there are a lot of department stores and shopping centres.If you go to Shanghai, you will see People’s Square.It is in the centre of Shanghai.If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes.At Sheshan you will find a famous church and an observatory.In Yu Garden, you can eat different kinds of local snacks.There are many interesting places in Shanghai.Therefore, it is not surprising that tourists come to visit Shanghai every year!

6.take(have)a look at...= look at„

Let’s take(have)a look at the film guide.Would you like to have a look at the photo?

7.hate to do sth.= hate doing sth.不喜欢，讨厌 I hate action films.(I hate seeing action films./ I hate to see action films.)

8.It’s an action film and it’s very exciting.action film（武打片，动作片）;love story（爱情片）;

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cartoon（卡通片）;exciting film（惊险片）;cowboy story（西部片）;horror story（恐怖片）;police story（警匪片）;documentary（纪录片）

9.be full of „ “充满，挤满”（状态）

be filled with „ “灌满，装满”（动作）

The bottle is full of milk.(The bottle is filled with milk.)At lunch time, the school dining room is always full of people.Our English teacher is a man full of energy.The street is full of people.（句意不变）

→ The street is crowded with people.10.--How long is the film? 电影片长多久？--It’s 120 minutes.→How long does the film last? It lasts 80 minutes.The duration of “Swan Lake” is 80 minutes.11.How much are they going to pay for the tickets altogether? Sb.pays„ for sth.I paid 90 yuan for the coat last Saturday.→ How much did you pay for the coat last Saturday? Sth.costs sb.„

The coat cost me 90 yuan last Saturday.The experiment cost him two years of hard work.Sb.spends „ on sth.Every morning Peter spends half an hour on /(in)reading English.I spent one and a half hours doing my homework last night.It takes sb.„ to do sth.It took us 30 minutes to get to the Grand View Garden by car.It takes me five minutes to walk to school in the morning.You can take a bus there.(You can go there by bus.)We took a cable car up to the top of the mountain.Welcome to Sheshan

Suggested questions: 1.Where is Sheshan in Shanghai? 2.Which places can you visit in Sheshan? 3.How can you go there and what do you think of Sheshan?

Sheshan is in the southwest of Shanghai.It’s about 30

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kilometres away from the centre of the city.There are many interesting places in Sheshan.You can visit the Forest Parkand there is a famous church at the top of the mountain.If you go there, you can also find an observatory.It’s a beautiful resort.You can go there by bus.I think you will enjoy yourself there.12.for prep.达（时间段）之久；

since prep.& conj.自从（过去时间点）以来 My uncle has been in the Army for 3 years.=(My uncle joined the Army 3 years ago.)Peter has worked in this company since 2005.=(Peter started to work in this company in 2005.)=(Peter has worked in this company for 4 years.)I have had the digital camera for 2 years.= I bought the digital camera 2 years ago.My grandfather has lived in the old town since he was born.I haven’t seen you for a long time.His father has been in Shanghai for quite a few years.13.Aunt Betty works in a company in Beijing, doesn’t she? She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she?

It’s very cold today, isn’t it? Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?

It is impossible to learn English well without remembering more words, isn’t it?

My sister never tells a lie, does she? She can hardly speak Chinese, can she? He was seldom late for school, was he? I am an English teacher, aren’t I?（注：回答此类问题时，应按实际情况当一般疑问句作答，用Yes或No；但回答 “前否后肯” 的句子时，它的中英文意思则不同。）--You can’t do it, can you?（你不会做这事，是吗？）--No, I can’t.（是的，我不会。）--Yes, I can.（不，我会的。）

I have been to Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China.It is one of the largest cities in the world.It is not only famous for its night views, but also known as a shopping paradise.Every year a number of tourists come to visit

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Shanghai.I went to Shanghai with my parents last Sunday.We bought many things in Nanjing Road Walk Way.There you can find a lot of department stores and shopping centres.In Yu Garden, we ate different local snacks.They are very tasty.In the afternoon we visited Pudong New District and the international airport.If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.There’re many interesting places in Shanghai.I’m proud of the great city--Shanghai.14.--Do you like the jeans with the yellow belt or the ones with the blue belt?--I like the ones with the blue belt.--Do you like the shirt with the long sleeves or the one with the short sleeves?--I like the one with the short sleeves.(注：选择疑问句朗读时要先升后降，回答时不用 yes 和 no, 应直接回答；the ones 替代前面对应的复数名词, the one 替代前面对应的单数名词)I don’t want these green peppers.Have you got any red ones? Our new CD player is more expensive than the one we had before.The child doesn’t like this book.Show her a more interesting one.15.Excuse me.“劳驾，借光”；与 I’m sorry.(Sorry.)(对不起，请原谅)Excuse me, which is the way to Grand View Garden? Excuse me, what’s the time by your watch?

(常用That’s all right./ Certainly./Never mind.回答)I’m sorry for my being late.I’m sorry for having kept you waiting for so long.(常用That’s all right./ Not at all./ It doesn’t matter.回答)

16.buy sth.for sb.= buy sb.sth.give sth to sb.= give sb.sth.Father bought a new pair of jeans for me yesterday.=Fahter bought me a new pair of jeans yesterday.My friend Tom gave a notebook to me.= My friend Tom gave me a notebook.Mum, can you make me a birthday cake?

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= Mum, can you make a birthday cake for me? Can you pass the ball to me? = Can you pass me the ball?

17.--What do you need to buy at the shops?--I need to buy a computer book for my father.注意否定句的改写: We don’t need to go shopping today.(实义动词)= We needn’t go shopping today.(情态动词)We don’t need to buy anything there.(实义动词)We need to buy nothing there.(实义动词)We needn’t buy anything there.(情态动词)We need buy nothing there.(情态动词)

Module 2 Better future Unit 5 What can we learn from others? Unit 6 Hard work for a better life Unit 7 In the future Unit 8 A more enjoyable school life

19.Who do you think is a model student? “do you think” 句中用作插入语

= Who is a model student, do you think?--I think Kitty is a model student.What do you think will happen in ten years’ time? His mother is a model of hard work.(模范)Children enjoy making airplane models.(模型)Andy is a famous model.(模特)

20.Long ago, there was a poor farmer called Fred.“called Fred” 过去分词短语作定语(后置)They have a pet dog named(called)Sam.(过去分词短语作定语)The lady in red is Tom’s mother.(介词短语作定语)The girl in charge of our class is Alice.(介词短语作定语)The man with a book in his hand has just come from Canada.(介词短语作定语)The children running in the playground are the students of Class 4.(现在分词短语作定语)

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21.Although Maths is difficult for Kitty, she never gives it up.be difficult for 对„„有难处，对„„而言是困难的

It is difficult for the students to recite such a long text.Is it difficult for you to solve this problem? give up 放弃，放弃做某事

give up sth.give up doing sth.(give it up;give them up)Smoking is bad for health.My fahter gave it up at forty.=My father gave up smoking at forty because it is bad for health.22.I hope other people will learn from you.His suggestion is that we should learn from each other.We should learn from Leifeng.I hope you will learn a lot during your stay in America.23.reply 与 answer v.n.They didn’t reply to our new suggestion.(v.)I haven’t got the reply to my letter.(n.)You must reply to / answer this letter right away.(v.)I received no reply / answer to my request.(n.)

24.It is +adj.+ to do sth.It’s interesting to see butterflies flying around the flowers.It’s dangerous to play football in the street.It’s awful to walk in wet and dirty streets in spring.It’s nice to see birds making nests in spring.It is very kind of you to come and help me.It was silly of me to say such a thing.It is difficult for the students to recite such a long text.Is it difficult for you to solve this problem?

25.see „ do sth.“看见某人做了某事”（动作的全过程）see„ diong sth.“看见某人正在做某事”（动作正在进行）

It’s interesting to see butterflies flying around the flowers.I saw her go into the teachers’ office minutes ago.I saw the boys flying the kites in the park this afternoon.26.What does spring make you think of?（想起，考虑）

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Spring makes me think of beautiful flowers and green trees.They’re thinking of /about buying a new car.（考虑）Lei Feng was always thinking of others.（着想）

I’ll think about your suggestion, and give you an answer tomorrow.（考虑）

Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（仔细考虑）

Write at least sixty words according to the given situation: Questions:

1.Why did you buy a present for your mother? 2.What did you buy for her? 3.What is it used for? 4.Where did you buy it? 5.How did you get there? 6.Did your mother like it? Why?

A present for my mother Last Sunday was Internatial Women’s Day.On that day I bought a present for my mother.It was a key ring.It is used for holding keys.I bought it in a toy shoping centre of the city.I went there by bus.When I gave it to my mother, she was very excited.She said she liked it very much.Although it was not very expensive, it was my first present for my mother.(75 words)

27.silly 头脑简单，傻头傻脑的； stupid 智力差的，反应迟钝的；

foolish 没头脑的，缺乏常识与判断力的 Stop asking such silly questions!He is very stupid in learning Maths.It was a foolish thing to ask for the moon.28.There will be plenty of food in the forest in winter.There is a bus every five minutes.There was a very good film on TV last night.This road is very dangerous.There have been many accidents.I’m going away tomorrow.I’ll do my packing today because there won’t be time tomorrow.There will be a large garden in our school.用心

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29.He collected food and took it into his house.Would you please take the suitcase into my room for me? 注意 take 的用法：

(1)拿；取； I want to take some books to the classroom.(2)吃；喝；服用；添加 Take this medicine three times a day.(3)乘车（船）They usually take a bus to work.(4)花费（时间，金钱）How long will it take you to do your homework every day?(5)做„„事情 take a walk;take a rest;take a look;take away;take care;take good care of;take down;take out;take off;take one’s time(Please take your time!请慢慢来!);take one’s temperature

30.He looked for food everywhere, but he found nothing.nothing = not anything He found nothing.= He didn’t find anything.look for(寻找的动作过程)find(寻找的结果)He has looked for his lost key, but he can’t find it.31.He felt cold, hungry and disappointed.系动词 + 形容词（系表结构）

--You look tired.--Yes, I feel tired.The boy looks sad.He looks sadly at his mother for help.It smells good.The price sounds reasonable.Silk feels smooth.32.The ant heard the grasshopper and came out of his house.out of 用法很多，请注意：

out of action(失去作用，停止运动)out of breath(上气不接下气)out of control(失去控制)out of date/out of fashion(过时)out of doubt(确定无疑)out of kindness(出于好意)out of order(不整齐)out of one’s power(力

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所不及)out of place(不适当，不相称)out of question(毫无疑问)out of the question(不可能，成问题)out of shape(变形)out of work(失业，下岗)I saw him come out of the supermarket with a lady yesterday.Maybe it was his elder sister.Fish can not live out of water.This will happen in nine out of ten.The ship is out of sight.The traffic accident was out of carelessness in driving.We are out of tea.This paragraph is out of Marx’s works.He talked his wife out of buying the new bicycle.(他说服妻子不要买新自行车了)

33.What’s the matter(with you), my friend?

= What’s wrong with you?

= What’s the trouble with you?

= What’s the problem?

= What’s troubling you?

34.Perhaps people will be able to live on other planets.be able to 与 can 表示“能力” 可以换用：

Can you speak French? / Are you able to speak French? Look!I can swim.但不说： Look!I’m able to swim.be able to 比 can 有更多的变化形式：

When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.Frank is ill.He hasn’t been able to go to school for a week.could 常和 see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等动词连用：

When we entered the room, we could smell something burning.Although she spoke in a very low voice, I could understand what she said.It was a long word, but I could remember how to spell it.35.Perhaps there will be no water or air on the earth.perhaps adv.= maybe, possibly Perhaps / Maybe she’ll be back tomorrow.用心

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She will possibly be back tomorrow.no water or air 并立连接否定内容时要用 or : There is no oil or salt at home now.on earth 与 on the earth Long ago huge animals lived on the earth.很久以前，地球上生活着巨型动物。

Why on earth didn’t you tell me the truth? 你到底 / 究竟为什么不跟我说实话？（表示加重语气）

36.Perhaps people in different countries will all be able to speak the same language.(same 前一般要加定冠词)The students come from different parts of the world.Those shirts are all the same size.different from / the same as The cultures in China are different from those in foreign countries.Her hair is the same colour as her mother’s.Tom is the same height as Jack.37.I hope(that)there will be enough food for everyone.hope to do sth.hope(that)跟宾语从句（宾语从句常用一般将来时或情态动词）I hope that I will become an astronaut.Tom hopes that people will not pollute the Earth.I hope to go to Qingdao with my father at the weekend.I hope„„多用于对好事的盼望和预想； I’m afraid„„多用于对坏事的预想

I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天天好。

I’m afraid it will rain again tomorrow.恐怕明天还会下雨。

38.After ten years, we can open the box and see how things have changed.after 在某个特定时间以后，也可用将来时态: The film will be shown after 8 o’clock this evening.They will start working after 10 a.m.in 从现在起的一段时间以后，用将来时态: They will start working in half an hour.用心

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A hard-working classmate Peter and I have been classmates since we came into middle school.He walks to school every morning because he says it is useful to exexcise more.Although Peter lives far away from school, he is never late for class.He gets up very early in the morning, and he practises reading English regularly.At school, he is always ready to help others.He also helps his teachers although he is busy with his studies.He is one of the top students in our class.Once he told me that he had a lot of pocket money but he never wasted it.He has decided to buy some books and send them to the poor children in the west.All the teachers and classmates love him very much.What a hard-working classmate Peter is!

The problem I have ever had.Suggested questions: 1.What was the problem you have ever had? 2.Why do you think it was a problem? 3.How do you deal with it? I have ever had a big problem.I couldn’t recite the English text.I always failed in recitation although I read the text again and again.I knew English was very useful in our life and it became more and more important.I asked my English teacher for help.He suggested I(should)go to the English corner and try to talk with the students and the foreign teacher there in English.I did so and I found it was a good way to improve my English level.Now I can recite each text I have learned and get good marks in recitation.39.It is + adj.+ to do sth.与 It would be + adj.+ to do sth.It is nice to eat ice cream in summer.(真实)It would be nice to have a swimming pool in our school.要是我们学校有个游泳池多好。(假设)

40.构词法 – 前缀

possible – impossible;polite – impolite;necessary – unnecessary;like – unlike;tidy--untidy comfortable – uncomfortable;able – unable;interesting – uninteresting;important--unimportant

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like v.– dislike;appear – disappear;agree – disagree

41.反身代词使用时应于主语相对呼应：

I（主格）– myself（单数）– ourselves（复数）;you – yourself –yourselves;he – himself – themsleves； she – herself – themselves;it – itself--themsleves(1)作动词宾语或介词宾语 : She is teaching herself English.她正在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她在自言自语。

He lives in the country by himself.他独自住在乡下。(2)作主语同位语：（亲自，本身）

Did you make the cake yourself? 这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗？ The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(3)作表语：（表示身体或精神状态）

I’m not myself today.我今天不舒服。

I am feeling myself again.我觉得身体舒服了。(4)用于口语与固定用法中：

Help youself to the cakes, Kitty!请随便吃蛋糕，Kitty！Make yourself at home!别客气！Don’t upset youself!别自寻烦恼！

He can’t make himself heard(understood).Module 3 The natural elements Unit 9 The wind is blowing Unit 10 Water festival *Unit 11 Electricity

Sports and our life Suggestions: 1.What’s your favourite sport? 2.How do you play it in your spare time? 3.How does the sport influence(影响)your life? There are many kinds of sports all around the world.And My favourite sport is playing badminton.I always play badminton with my classmates in PE leaasons and we have agood time together.Sometimes I also play badminton with myparents at weekends.It can make me healthy and strong.My parents like it, too.I think it is a good way to kill time and spend our weekend well.用心

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Life in the future What do you think our life will be like in the future? Perhaps people will have robots.The robots will help us do all the housework.Perhaps there will be computers and vision phones in every home.Children will study on computers.Perhaps people will fly to the moon and live on it.I also think people will be able to build many beautiful cities under the sea.We can live under the sea and watch all the living things under the sea.How wonderful our future life will be!

42.形 容 词 的 比 较 等 级

(1)原形容词后加 er, est 构成比较级和最高级：

cold — colder — coldest;young –younger – youngest;fast – faster – fastest;cheap –cheaper – cheapest(2)原形容词词尾是字母 e 时，加 r, st 构成比较级和最高级： large – larger –largest;nice – nicer – nicerst(3)原形容词词尾是辅音字母+ y时，去 y, 加ier, iest 构成比较级和最高级：

dry – drier –driest;

friendly – friendlier – friendliest pretty –prettier –prettiest;easy – easier –easiest;(4)原形容词是重读闭音节时，双写词末辅音字母，加 er, est构成比较级和最高级：

big – bigger –biggest;hot – hotter – hottest;thin – thinner – thinnest;wet – wetter--wettest(5)部分双音节及三个音节以上的形容词，在其前加 more, most构成比较级和最高级：

beautiful – more beautiful--most beautiful;comfortable – more comfortable--most comfortable;difficult--more difficult--most difficult;expensive--more expensive--most expensive(6)不规则的变化须记住：

bad –worse – worst;good / well –better – best;many / much – more – most（注意： 原形容词最高级前须加定冠词 the）

句型如下：

A.同级相比(肯定)as „ as；(否定)not as(so)„ as B.比较级： 形容词比较级 + than „ C.最高级：形容词最高级 + in 群体

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Translate the following into English: 1.我的风筝没有你的大。

My kite is not as big as yours.2.你的风筝比我的小。

Your kite is smaller than mine.3.他们的风筝没我们的更有色彩。

Their kite isn’t as colourful as ours.(Our kite is more coloueful than theirs.)4.我的风筝最大最漂亮。

My kite is the biggest and the most beautiful.5.她的（风筝）没你的漂亮。

Hers is not as beautiful as yours.6.Joe 的风筝比 Kitty 的更有色彩。

Joe’s(kite)is more colourful than Kitty’s.43.Strength is not always important.(力气)He hasn’t got enough strength to remove that stone.I haven’t the strength to lift the heavy box.Union is strength.团结就是力量。

44.Mr Wind was very proud.He liked showing off his strength all the time.(proud adj.骄傲的，自豪的，得意的)I’m proud to be your friend.做你的朋友我感到骄傲。She is proud that she is the cheerleader of the school.be proud of / take pride in(为„„感到自豪)We are proud of(take pride in)our motherland.show off(炫耀，卖弄)The Emperor liked showing off his new clothes.He is showing off his new mobile phone.45.I think Mr Sun is stronger than Mr Wind.I think 后如跟否定句，则要否定在主句上：

I don’t think Mr Wind is stronger than Mr Sun.我认为风先生没有太阳先生厉害。

I don’t think he is good at learning English.我认为他不擅长学英语。

(误)I think he isn’t a good boy.(正)I don’t think he is a good boy.我认为他不是个好男孩。

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46.That man felt hot and took off his coat.(脱下)You’d better take off your coat.It’s very warm inside.Put on more clothes when you go out.(穿上)The plane will take off in 20 minutes.(起飞)The sports meet was taken off because of the bad weather.(取消)

How to be a good student? As a good student, we should have good habits and ways of learning.We need to get ready for our lessons before class, and always listen to the teacher carefully in class.After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time.It’s good to study in groups and help each.As a student, working hard is important.But don’t forget to dosports and keep healthy.We should do more reading in our free time.If we have any problems, we’d better ask others forhelp.I hope all these will be helpful to you.47.Today, I’m goingto teach you how to make a kite.疑问词 + 不定式的结构作动词宾语

Can you tell me where to go tomorrow? Do you know when to set off? Please let me know what to do next.48.To make a kite, you need some thin sticks, some pieces of coloured paper and a reel of string.不定式短语作目的状语 = in order to To answer this question, you need to do a survey first.To find out the thief, the police searched nearly everywhere.To get good marks, you should study even harder.49.Finally, tie the frame to a reel of string.tie „ to „ “把 „„ 系在 „„上”

The robber tied him to a chair.强盗把他捆在椅子上。The boy tied the sheep to a tree.小孩把羊栓在一棵树上。

注意：

He tied the papers with string.他用绳子把报纸捆起来。

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50.rise – rose –risen vi.(不及物动词)上升，起身

raise – raised –raised vt.(及物动词)使升起来，举起 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The chairman rose from his chair.主席从椅子上站了起来。The sun has not yet risen.太阳还没升起。Raise your hands if you have any questions.The rain raised the river.Soldiers raise the national flag early in the morning.51.speed – sped – sped 快速前行，加速 The ambulance sped to the hospital.Tom was fined for speeding.The train is travelling at a speed of sixty miles an hour.(n.)

52.among(三者或三者以上)与 between(两者之间)They hid themselves among the trees.I found it among a pile of old books.This book is the best among the modern novels.Shanghai is among(one of)the largest cities in the world.There was a fight between the two boys.I am usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.Children usually have a short break between two classes.We must save water.(Water is important.)Water is very important to us.Everyday we drink water, cook with water, take a shower inwater, and have many outdoor activities with water.Although 75% of the surface of the Earth is covered with water, most of the water on the Earth is in the oceans.So only 3% of water on the Earth can be used as drinkingwater.A person can live without food for more than a month, but a person can only live without water for about one week.Water is getting less and less, and it becomes more and more important.It’s time for us to save water.用心

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53.Next, make ice cubes out of the different kinds of fruit juice.make „ out of „ “用„„来制作„„” We can make many things out of bamboo.我们可以用竹子做很多东西。

Children usually make lanterns out of pumpkins.孩子们通常用南瓜来做灯笼。

54.pour„into„ “将„„ 倒入„„中”

I’ve poured coffee into ypur cup by mistake.我错把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。

add „ to„ “将„„ 加入„„中” Please add some salt to the soup.Add the ice cubes to the lemonnade, please.55.The iced fruit punch is ready.冰镇水果宾治就做好了。

be ready Dinner is ready.晚饭准备好了。Are you ready? 你（们）准备好了吗？

be ready for = get ready for = prepare for 为„„做准备 The students are getting ready for the exam.be ready to do sth.= get ready to do sth.准备做某事； 乐意做某事

Are you getting ready to run? 你们准备好跑步了吗？

Peter is a model student.He is always ready to help others.Peter是个模范学生，他总是乐于助人。

56.freeze–froze–frozen-freezing Water freezes at 0°c.（v.结冰）

Don’t eat too much frozen food.（adj.冰冻的）

We can’t go out in such freezing weather.（adj.极寒冷的）

The three forms of water Suggested questions: 1.What are the three forms of water? 2.What will happen if we change the forms? We all know that there are three forms of water in our lives.They are water, ice and steam.When water freezes, it turns into ice.When ice melts, it turns into water again.If we boil water, it will turn into steam.However, when steam cools down, it turns into water

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again.Water in our lives is very important.And the drinking water on the Earth is getting less and less.So we mustn’t waste water.57.No diving.(标志用语)= Diving is not allowed.= People mustn’t dive.= Don’t dive.No ball games.(Ball games are not allowed./ Popple mustn’t play ball games./ Don’t play ball games.)No U-turn!禁止调头。

No parking here!此处禁止停车。

58.Fishing is not allowed.= You mustn’t fish.Mother allowed me to play computer games for a while.Swimming is not allowed at this beach.= You mustn’t swim at this beach.You are not allowed to park your car here.用心

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第五篇：八年级下册语文知识点梳理

八年级下册语文知识点梳理

《藤野先生》

1.字词:

烂漫.绯红 驿站 不逊 匿名 瞥见 畸形 杳无消息

2.作者简介：鲁迅 中国伟大的文学家，思想家，革命家、3.文章体裁：回忆性散文。

4.文章思想内容：

文章记述了作者在仙台学医时候的生活，赞扬了藤野先生的正直、无私、没有民族偏见的高尚品质，书法了作者对他的怀念。

5.文章结构：全文38个自然段，分为三部分

第一部分1-3，写在东京的所见所感

第二部分4-45，写与先生的相识、相处、相离。

第三部分36-38，写离开仙台后怀念先生的感情和行动。

6.文章线索：

①明线：以我和藤野先生交往为线索，围绕藤野先生崇高品质组织材料。

②暗线：作者感情变化为线索，写自己弃医从文，很多事情是围绕内在线索组织材料。

因此文章虽然长，却脉络分明，材料虽多，却井然有序。

7.人物形象：

①人物性格特征：藤野先生治学严谨、认真负责、正直、没有民族偏见

②塑造人物方法：

选择典型事例。为了突出藤野先生的品质，文章具体写了四件事：修改讲义，改正解剖图，关心解剖实习和了解中国女人裹脚情形。

白描手法：如藤野先生外貌、语调、衣饰等写出了他治学严谨、生活朴素的学者形象。载入对请过留学生辫子的描写，揭示了他们庸俗腐朽的思想，表达作者厌恶之情。

8.语言特点：朴素含蓄，精炼深刻。

如：①东京也无非时这样

②中国时弱国，所以中国人当然时低能儿

③在那时那地，我的思想却变了

2.我的母亲

1.字词: 责罚、管束、广漠、宽恕、质问、轻薄、仁慈、文绉绉

2.文学常识：

胡适，字适之，安徽绩溪人学者。著作：《中国哲学史大纲》《胡适文存》《白话文学史》《戴东原的哲学》等。

3.文章内容：

首先继续了儿时的性格特点和给自己留下的深刻往事，主体部分记叙了母亲的几个事件：4.母亲对我的管教2.母亲处理家庭的难事和矛盾。3.母亲如何对待他人对自己的人格侮辱；

最后写母亲对自己的影响。

5.作品情感：对母亲的感激、怀念和敬爱之情。

.人物形象：

①人物形象特征：为人克己谦让，宽容善待，和睦仁慈，教子严格。

②塑造人物的方法：选择典型事例；

6.情感抒发方法：

①质朴真切的叙述语言与自然流畅的结构与作者真挚的情感相辅相成；

②用童年视角回忆往事。

7.语言特点： 朴质、真切，不加修饰。

4.列夫.托尔斯泰

1.字词：

黝黑 炙热 尴尬 犀利 滞留 禁锢 颔首低眉 锃亮 广袤无垠

诚惶诚恐 广袤无垠

2.文学常识：

茨威格，奥地利文学家。主要成就在文学传记《三位大师》

列夫.托尔斯泰，俄国伟大作家。他的三步里程碑式巨著是《战争与和平》《复活》《安娜 卡列尼娜》

3.文章的思路：文章前半部分描写托尔斯泰的外貌特征反衬后半部分托尔斯泰非同寻常的的眼睛，反衬他高贵的灵魂。

4.文章主题： 对列夫•托尔斯泰的崇敬、赞美之情。

5.人物描写特色：

（1）比喻的修辞

“托尔斯泰面部的其他部件--胡子、眉毛、头发，都不过是用以包装、保护这对闪光的珠宝的甲壳而已。”粗鄙的外表反衬出他眼睛的无比精美。

（2）夸张的修辞：

“托耳斯泰这对眼睛里有一百只眼珠。”夸张的手法道出托尔斯泰那种把万事万物尽收眼底的全方位的观察力。

6．人物形象：

文章展现托尔斯泰独特的外貌特征，揭示他深邃的精神世界，洋溢着崇敬赞美之情。

7.重点语句的内涵

“直到年纪大了以后……直到人生的晚秋，俊秀之光才使这块悲凉之地解冻。”写出托尔斯泰晚年坚决站在农民的立场上，对国家教会进行强烈的抨击。

6.《雪》

1.字词: 字音字形：凛冽，脂粉奁，词义：博识，消释，凛冽，升腾

2.文学常识：

鲁迅，原名周树人，我国伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。重要作品《阿Q正传》《呐喊》《朝花夕拾》。本文出自散文诗集《野草》我们学过选自《野草》的文章有《风筝》。

3.文章的思路以及作者的情感：

文中写了暖国的雪和朔方的雪，暖国的雪滋润美艳，作者的感情是充满回忆与对美好的向往。朔方的雪如粉如沙，决不粘连，表现出作者对不屈的斗争精神的歌颂。两幅鲜明对立的图景中贯穿着一个共同的情感：要用战斗来创造一个春天般美好的世界。

3.语言特点： 本文语言内蕴丰富，清新优美。

4.景物描写：细致生动

①从内容、色彩、虚实、方面展开，采用比喻、拟人的方法展示了江南雪的盎然与生机，北方雪的不屈与张扬。

②通过对比的方式展示南北雪的不同特征。

5.作品语言特征：

准确，富有表现力。如“冰冷的” “坚硬的”“灿烂的”来修饰雪，写出了北方雪不屈的精神。“但是”体现出来作者的情感取向。

6.文章借景抒情的写法：

两幅鲜明对立的图景中贯穿着一个共同的情感：要用战斗来创造一个春天般美好的世界。

7.重点语句含义：

“那是孤独的雪，是死掉的雨，是雨的精魂。”

北方的雪的特质之一是孤独，在这里它还被表现为死掉的雨的意思。北方的雪完全升华是与死亡联系在一起的，也正是完全的献身，让它成为了雨的精魂--凝聚了所有坚强内核的精魂。

9.海燕

1.字词：胆怯、翡翠、蜿蜒、飞窜、呻吟

2.文学常识：高尔基，俄国作家，社会主义、现实主义文学奠基人。列宁称他“无产阶级艺术最伟大的代表者”。主要作品有长篇小说《母亲》、自转体三部曲《童年》《在人间》《我的大学》

本文是高尔基幻想曲《春天的旋律》的结尾，原题为“海燕之歌”。

3.体裁：散文诗

4.文章思路：暴风雨将来-逼近-即临

5.文章主题：通过对暴风雨来临前大海景象的描绘和对海燕英姿的刻画，热情歌颂了俄国无产阶级革命先驱者勇敢无畏的战斗精神，预言沙皇黑暗统治必将崩溃，号召人民迎接伟大的革命斗争。

6.景物描写及作用：

在乌云和大海之间…… 点明海燕所处环境，衬托海燕顽强、乐观、勇敢的战斗精神。

7.海燕的形象：勇猛坚强、乐观自信、富于献身精神的无产阶级革命先驱者

8.象征手法及意义：象征手法使思想更加形象、可干，而且拓展了作品的思想内涵和审美空间。

海燕：象征无产阶级革命先驱。

海鸥、海鸭、企鹅：害怕革命、不革命和假革命者

乌云、狂风、雷电：反动势力

暴风雨：席卷一切的革命浪潮

9对比手法： 海鸥等与海燕对比，衬托海燕的勇敢、自信、乐观。

10修辞手法的运用： 反复、比喻、拟人对比等进一步增强了作品表现力。

11重点句子：

让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧：祈使句，饱含着革命先驱者对无产阶级革命的渴望与期待，预报革命风暴即将到来，表达了自信豪迈的战斗情怀和高昂的革命乐观主义精神。

12.文章感情：赞美像海燕一样的无产阶级战士，鞭挞的是海鸥之类的不革命者及反革命势力，表现了作者抑恶扬善、爱憎分明的情感态度。敬畏自然

1.字词: 鲲鹏 蓬蒿 咫尺 呐喊 混淆 相形见绌

2.理解题目：

敬畏 是敬重畏惧的意思。题目的意思是说人类应敬重自然界的万物，充分认识自然的伟大，爱护自然，与自然和谐相处。

3.文章主题：

本文谈论的是人与自然的关系。人类应从根本上转变理念，再也不要宣称什么“征服自然”，应该敬畏自然，爱护自然。

理解：我们再也不应该把宇宙的其它部分看做只是我们征服的对象，再也不应该把其他生物仅仅看做我们的美味佳肴，而首先应该把他们看作是与我们平等的生命，看作是宇宙智慧的创造物，看作是宇宙之美的展示者，首先应该敬畏它们，就像敬畏我们自己一样。敬畏它们，就是敬畏宇宙，敬畏自然，就是敬畏我们自己。

4、富有哲理的语句。

（1.）人类为自己取得这些成就而喜形于色，然而谁能断言那些狼藉斑斑的矿坑不会是人类自掘的陷阱呢?

掉入陷阱，就是危机。这句话的意思是，人类开采煤炭、石油、天然气以及其他各种矿物，留下了无数矿坑，也就破坏了地貌和地层结构，很可能酿成严重后果，危及人类自身。

（2.）人类并不孤独,在宇宙中处处是我们的弟兄。

宇宙的一切，包括人类，都是宇宙生命的构成部分，人类之外的一切，也是生命的种种存在形式，所以它们与我们是平等的生命，是我们的弟兄。

5.反问的修辞方法。

运用反问，更能激发读者的思考，语气更强烈，有催人深思的效果。（1）你难道没有听到石头里也有生命的呐喊吗？

（2）那永恒的运动、那演化的过程，不正是她生命力的体现吗？

16.云南的歌会

1、字词:即物起兴 龙吟凤哕 迤西 熹微 酬和 蹲踞

2、.文学常识：沈从文，（1902－1988），原名沈岳焕，湖南凤凰人。代表作有《萧萧》，中篇小说《边城》等。

3、文章结构：第一部分：山野对歌，欢快活泼、朴素动人；第二部分：山路漫歌，环境优美、声韵动人；第三部分：村寨传歌，场面宏伟，气势壮观。

4.人物描写方法：

一种以工笔描绘为主，刻画细腻真实，作者的态度隐含在字里行间。第二种描写人物地神韵气度，流露出作者强烈的情感倾向，运用比喻、拟人的方式展示。5.景物描写：

自然景物描写及其作用：以优美环境衬托优美的人物优美的歌。

场景：三个唱歌场面。

6.作者的感情：

作者在文中描写了云南有特色的歌会，写了人们之间自然和谐的关系，这就很自然地流露出了作者对于美好生活和人生的感悟。

17端午的鸭蛋

1.字词：腌 门槛 门楣 苋菜 籍贯 城隍庙 肃然起敬 囊萤映雪 曾经沧海难为水

2.文学常识：汪曾祺，江苏高邮人，作家。

了解其散文“小叙事”的创作特点。感受作者散文闲适自由的创作风格。

3.文章的思路 ：说端午，介绍端午的种风俗；说鸭蛋，写家乡鸭蛋的名声特色；说端午的鸭蛋，着重写了鸭蛋络子。

4.文章主旨： 在平淡的生活中发现情趣，发现诗意，在小小的鸭蛋里尝出生活的滋味，文章从容散淡，流露出对儿时生活的怀想，对故乡的热爱。

5.作者情感：

文章的2、3段写家乡鸭蛋的名声、特色，作者对家乡由衷的热爱和自豪。

文章的5、6段，写端午的鸭蛋。表现出散淡的生活情趣和对童年生活的怀念。

6.平淡而有味的语言特点：

①口语色彩浓厚。②古汉语的点缀，增添了典雅之美。③善于运用语言“造型”。

18.吆喝

1.字词： ①加点字的读音。

钹（bō）荸荠(bí qi)铁铉（xuàn）秫秸秆（shú jiē gǎn）招徕（lái）

②词语的含义。

随机应变：机：时机，形势。随着情况的变化灵活机动地应付。

合辙押韵：押韵的意思。油嘴滑舌：形容说话油滑，耍嘴皮子。

2.文学常识：萧乾，原名萧秉乾（1910-1999），生于北京。萧乾先生是有重大国际影响的我国著名作家、记者、翻译家

3.文章内容及情感：本文介绍了北京的吆喝声所代表的经营品种，介绍了各种吆喝声的具体内容，表现方式以及音韵节奏等，充满了对往事的怀念之情。

4.文章的结构

①总分总 ②按照时间的顺序记叙。③材料安排详略得当。④语段的衔接过渡。

5.作品语言风格：

①本文是用地道的北京口语写的，特别是描写吆喝的语句，富有浓郁的地方特色。

②平易而又不乏生动幽默的语言特点。

21.与朱元思书

1.文学常识：

①作者：吴均（469-520），字叔痒，吴兴故鄣（浙江安吉）人，南朝梁代文学家。

②体裁：书信体。从内容上看是写景小品文。

2词语

①实词：、许、湍、奔、负、②一词多义：绝 指

③词类活用：轩 邈 ④通假字：反 见

4.重要句子含义：

鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心；经纶世务者，窥谷忘反课文内容及结构：

课文中作者描绘了富春江一百许里江上雄奇秀丽的景致。先总说富春江奇特秀丽的景色。然后写异水、奇山，最后仍归结在景色上。

6.写景顺序：先“水”后“山”

7.写景手法： 写水的清澈用正面描写与侧面描写相结合，水流的迅急用比喻、夸张写出，同时采用了动静结合方式；描写山的形态时用拟人的修辞手法写出了山峰争先恐后，向上崛起的形状，化静为动；写山中景色时用了反衬，以闹显静；从视觉和听觉角度，多角度的描写山的奇。

8.语言特点：

骈体文。全篇以偶句为主，讲究对仗和声律。读来琅琅上口。例如 急湍甚箭 猛浪若奔。

22、五柳先生传

1、字词：嗜曾箪黔俦殇

2、文学常识：

陶渊明，东晋著名田园诗人，一名潜，字元亮，号五柳先生，初中学过的有《桃花源记》、《饮酒》、《归园田居》等。

传：实为自传。赞，助也。

3人物形象：闲静少言，不慕荣利，贫困而闲适的安贫乐道的隐士形象。

4.刻画人物的方法： 思想、爱好、性格、生活、著文等方面展示人物风貌。

5.重点语句理解：

（1）“每有会意，便欣然忘食”。意思是五柳先生每次读书有心得体会时，便沉浸于书中而忘记了饮食。

（2）好读书，不求甚解。

（3）短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空，晏如也。

6.语言特点： 多有否定句式，平淡自然，高度凝练。

23.马说

1．文学常识：

①作者：韩愈，字退之，河南河阳人（孟县）。唐代文学家。“唐宋八大家”之首。②文体特征：说，是古代一种议论文体，用以陈述作者对某些问题的刊发，虽是议论文体，却讲究文采。

2.词语： 实词：骈、外见，是、等。通假字：食、见、耶。

一词多义：食、策、或、能

3.重点语句含义： 其真无马耶？其真不知马也

4.文章主要内容：

文章围绕千里马的问题展开论述，揭露了封建统治者的昏庸愚昧，埋没人才，抒发了作者怀才不遇的心情。

5.本文写法：托物寓意，借物抒情。

本文中“千里马”寓人才，“伯乐”寓能发现赏识任用人才的人。借千里马被埋没流露出作者怀才不遇之情，统治者埋没人才的愤懑和控诉。

6.文章结构：

先正面提出问题，接着从反面展开议论，接着揭露里马被埋没的原因，嘲讽了食马者的愚妄无知，最后归结出“其真不知马也”的中心句。

7.文章语言特点： 简洁、洗练。

24.送东阳马生序

1.文学常识：

①宋濂，字景濂，号潜溪，浦江人。明初文学家。他家境贫寒但自幼好学。一生刻苦学习，“自少至老，未尝一日去书卷，于学无所不通。”在我国古代文学史中，与刘基、高启并列为明初诗文三大家。他的著作以传记小品和记叙性散文为代表，散文或质朴简洁，或雍容典雅，各有特色。朱元璋称他为“开国文臣之首”，刘基赞许他“当今文章第一”，四方学者称他为“太史公”。著有《宋学士文集》。

②序，是一种文体，分书序和赠序两种。书序比较早，多为叙述著作者的意趣、写作缘起等，赠序创于唐初，用于临别赠言，如韩愈的《送孟东野序》、柳宗元的《送薛存义序》，多为赞颂、勉励、祝愿、惜别之辞。

③人从小到大的顺序是--孩提、加冠、而立、不惑、知天命、花甲、古稀、耄耋。

2.重点字词： 读音：缊、嗜、叱咄、俟、箧、屣、皲、媵、烨、通假字：支通“肢”，肢体 被通“披”，穿

古今异义：假 古义：借 今义：与“真”相对

走 古义：跑 今义：食物煮熟后所得的汁水

汤 古义：热水 今义：行走

一词多义 以 介词，用。如：以衾拥覆

介词，表示动作、行为所凭借的身份，可译为“用（凭）------身份”。如：生多以书假余

连词，表目的关系，译作“来”如：家贫，无从致书以观

连词，表修饰关系 如：俯身倾耳以请

连词，表原因，因为。如：以中有足乐者

3.重点句子含义：

（1）无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还

（2）录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约

（3）以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书

（4）余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请

（5）俟其欣悦，则又请焉

（6）寓逆旅，主人日再食，无鲜肥滋味之享

（7）以中有足乐者，不知口体之奉不若人也

4.文章思路:

总体记述作者青少年时期求学经历。少年时代读书的刻苦勤奋--求师的艰难--求学的艰苦情况。

3.文章主题：

本文通过叙述作者青少年时代求学的艰难和奋学习的经历，对马生寄予了殷切的期望，勉励他勤奋学习，成为德才兼备的人。

4.借事说理、寓理于事的写法

本文是长辈对晚辈的临别赠言。作者既要使晚辈有所收益，又不宜板起面孔说教，于是作者就采用了现身说法的形式，历述自己当初得书的艰难，从师的辛苦，借事明理，以情感人让后辈从亲切委婉的故事叙述中去领悟要义，吸取学习的动力，把握学习的方法。既有自己艰苦经历的正面教育，又有富家子弟的求学情形提供反面教训，既含教诲，又怀勉励，写来亲切感人，很有说服力。

5.对比手法的运用：

当年求学时的学习条件和学习态度与同舍生作对比。同舍生生活条件优裕，显得神气活现，而自己则是吃穿不如人。正因为自己将学习，求取知识当成快乐的事情，就不觉得吃穿不如人了。通过对比，使得文章更形象，更鲜明，更有说服力。

6.环境描写作用：

环境的恶劣，自己受冻的苦状，反衬出求学的决心之大，意志之坚。

25诗词曲五首

第一首《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》

1.字词：柯、畔、长

2.作者：

刘禹锡（772-840）字梦得，洛阳（今属河南）人。唐代文学家。刘禹锡诗文清新，语言俭朴生动。有《刘梦得文集》。

3.背景：

《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》“酬”这里是以诗相答之意。“乐天”白居易的字。“扬州”相逢的地点。对“初逢”二字，可以有两种理解：一是未见过面，初次相逢：二是久别之后，初次相逢，尚无定论。“见”有“感谢”之意。“赠”指白诗《醉赠刘二十八使君》。这首诗是唐代诗人刘禹锡与敬宗宝历二年（826）冬，罢和州刺史后，回归洛阳，途径扬州，与罢苏州刺史后也回归洛阳的白居易相会所作。是对白居易在宴席上写的《醉赠刘二十八使君》一诗的酬答。

4.诗歌主旨：

《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》这首诗抒发了作者二十多念转徙巴山楚水的悲愤心情，流露了对王树文、柳宗元等已故友人的怀念呵对保守势力的愤慨，表现出旷达的胸怀呵积极进取的精神

4.重要诗句含义：

“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春 ”，这两句借用自然景物的变化暗示社会的发展，蕴含着深刻的哲理。意思是说，个人的沉沦算不上什么，社会总是要向前发展的，未来肯定会比现在好。白居易称赞这一联“神妙”，就是从诗的思想性和艺术性，景、情、理相结合的角度来评价的。

第二首《赤壁》

1.字词：戟、销、2.背景：《赤壁》这首诗是作者经过赤壁（即今湖北赤壁）这著名的的古战场时，有感与三国时代的英雄成败而写下的。诗以地名为题，实则是怀古咏史之作。

3.作者：杜牧（803-852）字牧之，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人。晚唐诗人、文学家。他有政治思想，但由于秉性刚直，屡受排挤，一生仕途不得志。杜牧的诗、赋、文都负盛名，而以诗的成就最大，与李商隐齐名，世称“小李杜”。其诗风格俊爽清丽，独树一帜。4.诗歌思想内容：

作者借赤壁之战来抒发自己的感慨，告诫统治者不要寄希望与侥幸。

5.重要语句含义：

“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”，如果不是东风给了周瑜以方便，取得胜利的就可能是曹操，历史将要重写。告诫统治者不要寄希望与侥幸。

第三首《过零丁洋》

1.字词：干戈、寥落、惶恐

2.背景：《过零丁洋》此诗是文天祥《指南录》中的一篇，为其代表作之一，约作于祥兴二年（1279）--被元军俘获的第二年正月过零丁洋之时。后来元军元帅张弘范一再逼他写信招降南宋在海上坚持抵抗的张世杰，他出示此诗以明志节。

3.作者：文天祥（1236-1283），字屡善，又字宋瑞，自号文山，吉州吉水（今江西）人南宋政治家、爱国诗人。

4.主旨：通过追忆自己抗元的艰辛经历，表现诗人忧国之痛和以死明志、为国捐躯的豪情壮志。

5.名句：“人生自古谁无死?留取丹心照汗青。”这两句直抒胸臆，表明自己以死明志的决心。是千古传诵的名句。诗句所表现的崇高气节，慷慨悲壮，震撼人心。

第四首：《水调歌头》

1.字词：宫阙、低绮户、婵娟、2.文学常识：①“水调歌头”是词牌名。

②苏轼（1037-1101），字子瞻，字号东坡居士，四川眉山人。北宋文学家。父苏洵、弟苏辙都是文学家，世称“三苏”。名作有《念奴娇》《水调歌头》等开豪放派的先河，与辛弃疾称“苏辛”苏轼散文结构谨严，明白晓畅，与欧阳修并称“欧苏”，是“唐宋八大家”之一

3.诗意：

《水调歌头》词的上片主要抒发对政治的感慨，极写词人在“天上”“人间'的徘徊、矛盾，末了想通了，仰望明月，不禁婆婆起舞，表现出积极的乐观的情趣。

下片写对月怀人，抒发对兄弟的怀念之情，以积极乐观的旷达情怀作结。

4.诗歌主旨：《水调歌头》这首诗所表现的思想感情，本来甚为明显，苏轼因为政治处境的失意以及呵其弟苏辙的别离，中秋对月，不无抑郁惆怅之感。但是他没有陷在消极悲观的情趣中，旋即以超然达观的思想忧患，表现出对生活的热爱。

5.重要诗句含义：

”但愿人长久，千里共婵娟“这两句是说，惟愿（兄弟）彼此珍重，在远别的时光中共赏中秋美好的 月色。

第五首《山坡羊 潼关怀古》

1.字词：潼关、踌躇

2.背景：”潼关“，古代著名关塞，位于陕西潼关县北，地处陕西、山西、河南三省交界处，关城雄踞山腰，东北据黄河天堑，西南依华山险阻，历来是东西交通要到，军事攻守重地。”怀古“，意思是凭吊古代遗迹，追怀古事，抒发作者的情怀。

3.作者：张养浩（1270-1330）字希梦，号云庄，济南人。元代散区作家。张养浩的散曲流露出对官场的不满，表现了关心百姓、同情黎庶，与人民休戚与共、息息相依的民本思想。

4.诗歌主旨：山坡羊 潼关怀古》作者吊古释怀，表达了悲愤伤感之情，揭示出人民的悲惨命运根源之所在。

5.重要诗句含义：”兴百姓，苦，亡百姓苦。“

诗人行径潼关，见关塞险要，不由追忆历史上的兴旺更替，由此一针见血地指出：兴，也好，亡也好，受苦受难的总是天下的老百姓。表现了诗人对百姓的同情，也揭露了历代封建统治者对百姓的 压迫，是对长期封建社会历史的一个深刻反思呵高度概括，高屋建瓴，精警异常，足底一篇长篇政论。在元代，这显得难能可贵。

26.《小石潭记》

1.积累字词：

实词： 尤为 参差 斗折蛇行 寂寥居隶 凄神寒骨 去

一词多义：可从以 乐

词类活用：西 乐下斗蛇 犬牙寒 古今意异义：小生

2.文学常识：柳宗元，字子厚，河东人，唐代杰出的文学家、思想家。本文是一篇游记散文，写于他被贬永州时，是《永州八记》中的第四记。

3.文章的思路

发现小石潭--小石潭景物--小石潭源流--小石潭气氛及作者感受--记同游者

4.写景特点： 动静结合 抓住景物特征 对比和烘托手法 情景交融

5.作者思想感情

作者着力渲染了凄清幽静的气氛，抒发了悲凉凄苦的情感。

6.山水名篇名句《三峡》《答谢中书书》《使至塞上》等

7．背诵全文

27.岳阳楼记

1.文学常识：

范仲淹（989-1052），字希文，苏州吴县人，北宋政治家、文学家。他出身贫寒，幼年丧父，对下层人民的痛苦体会较深。宋仁宗天圣年间，出任西溪盐官，建议在泰州修捍海堰。宝元三年，任陕西经略安抚招讨副使。庆历三年，范仲淹返朝，任参政知事。提出十条改革措施，因遭保守派反对罢政，于庆历五年贬放邓州，以后还做过杭州、青州的太守。死后谥号文正。著有《范文正文集》。

2.重点字词句

（1）通假字 ①政通人和，百废具兴。”具“通”俱“ ②属予作文以记之。”属“通”嘱“

(2)积累词语： 实词：(名词)赋、国、景、大观、迁客、骚人、宠辱(动词)谪、属、把

虚词：夫、斯、其、微、则、然则

短语：百废具兴、浩浩汤汤、气象万千、淫雨霏霏、阴风怒号、浊浪排空、虎啸猿啼、满目萧然、感极而悲、一碧万顷、郁郁青青、皓月千里、心旷神怡、先忧后乐

（3）重要句子意思

①衔远山，吞长江，浩浩荡荡，横无际涯。

译：（洞庭湖）连接着远方的山脉，吞噬着长江的流水，浩浩荡荡，宽阔无边。

②朝晖夕阴，气象万千。

译：或早或晚，（一天里）湖面上有时洒满阳光，有时又是一片昏暗，景物的变化无穷无尽。

③登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。

译：登上这座楼，就会产生远离国都（朝廷），思念故乡，担心别人诽谤，害怕别人讥讽，满眼是萧条的景象，感慨横生而悲伤的情绪了。

④予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为。

译：我曾经探求过古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，（他们）或许跟上面说的那两种表现不同。

⑤居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远忧其君。

译：在高高的朝廷（做官）就为人民忧患，在僻远的江湖间就为国君忧虑。

⑥其必曰”先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐“乎。

译：那他一定会说”在天下人担忧之前就担忧，在天下人享乐之后才享乐“吧。⑦噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？

译：啊！没有这种人，我同谁同道呢？（”吾谁与归“即”吾与谁归“，疑问句中宾语前置。）

4.文章的写作思路，第一段：交代作记的缘由。（记叙）

第二段：总写巴陵胜状。（描写）

第三、四段：观览两种不同的自然景物及产生的两种不同的情感。（描写 抒情）

第五段：言志（抒情 议论）

5.景物描写：

①第三段：

景物特征：阴冷、萧条。

写景顺序：由高到低 由远到近

览物之情：感伤 忧愁

表达方式：描写 抒情

③第四段：

景物特征：明朗、富有生命气息 欢快

写景顺序：由高到低 由远到近

览物之情：欢欣 喜悦

6表达方式：描写 抒情

7.重点语句含义及表达的思想情感

（1）：不以物喜，不以己悲。表现作者愿与古仁人同道的博大胸襟。

（2）：先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。表现作者以天下为己任，忧国忧民、兼济天下的情怀。

（3）：微斯人，吾谁与归？ 一方面希望滕子京具有古仁人之心，志存高远；另一方面，也含蓄地表达了作者愿与古仁人同道的博大胸襟和远大抱负。

8.写作特色 ：记叙、描写、抒情、议论为一体，寓情于景，情景交融。

9.主题：描绘了岳阳楼的景色以及迁客骚人登搂览景所产生的不同情感，勉励朋友不要因客观环境和个人处境的好坏而动摇自己的意志，要以忧国忧民为自己的职责，做到”先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐“。

28.醉翁亭记

一、文学常识：

1.作者作品及时代背景：

欧阳修（1007-1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚年号六一居士，吉州永丰（今江西吉安）人，北宋文学家，史学家。欧阳修早年曾协助范仲淹革新政治，触动了保守派大官僚们的利益，遭到嫉恨，被贬滁州。第二年，写了本文。

2.文章体裁：山水游记。

二、词语

1.字读音：滁 壑 琅琊 潺 酿 泉

2词类活用 名之者谁 有亭翼然临于泉上者

山行六七里 故自号曰”醉翁“也

3.一词多义：

谓：（1）太守自谓也（2）太守谓谁

霏：（1）日出而林霏开（2）若夫淫雨霏霏

4.古今异义： 至于负者歌于途。古义：背东西的人；今义：输的一方。

5.文章层次：

第一段：写醉翁亭的自然环境和命名缘由。

第二段：写山间朝暮和四季的景色。

第三段：写滁人，宾客，太守游山的情形。

第四段：写宴罢归去并点出作者姓名

6.文章情感：

表现了作者随遇而安、与民同乐的旷达情怀。

7.写景特点：

1.写景顺序：全景到局部（1段），时间顺序（2段）

2.抓住景物特征（如野芳发而幽香抓住了春季景物典型特征，句句落实）

3.记述，写景，抒情结合，衬托出文章的主旨。（主要体现在第四段，）

8.写作特点：

1.虚词恰当运用。”也“字的运用，层次清晰，脉络分明。”而“字增强了回环咏叹的意味。

2.骈散结合，富于韵律感，两两相对的语句语句给文章增添了华丽之美。

3.语句凝练，语意精警含蓄。

9.重难点句子解析

（1）.醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也

醉翁的心意不在酒上，在于山光水色之中。这是全文的核心命意，为全文写景抒情定下基调。醉乐间是表象和实质的关系。

（2）.醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。

醉了能和他们一起快乐，酒醒之后能写文章表达这种快乐的，是太守。太守之乐是最高境界，既知禽鸟之乐，也知人之乐，既能同醉，也能”自醒“，还能体察万物，反思人情。

29.满井游记

1.字词：①实词：冻风，冷风。作，起。辄，总是，就。土膏，肥沃的土地 泉，用泉煮。罍，酒杯，名词用为动词，端起酒杯。蹇，本义跛足的，引申为驴子，用作动词，骑驴 ②虚词”之“的用法 一室之内：表限定关系译成”以“

脱笼之鹄：表修饰关系”的“

2.文学常识：.①作者：袁宏道（1568～1610），字中郎，号石公，明朝文学家。与兄宗道、弟中道并称”三袁“，为”公安派“的创始者。有《袁中郎集》

3.文章的思路: 欲游不能的苦恼--郊游的所见所感--出游缘由及作记时间

4.作者的情感: 表达了作者热爱自然、寄情山水的思想感情。

5.写景特色：

（1）比喻的妙用：

”晶晶然如镜之新开而冷光之乍出于匣也，“以新开明镜比喻新绿水波，写出了水的明丽，贴切而有新意。

”如倩女之峟面而髻鬟之始掠也“以新妆倩女比喻被晴雪洗过的山峦，写出了春山的鲜妍明媚，生动而又传神。

（2）白描的笔法：”波色乍明，鳞浪层层，清澈见底。“没有夸张、渲染形象却鲜明生动。

（3）拟人的写法：”呷浪之鳞，悠然自得“增加景物的动感灵气。

6.重点语句的作用：

”郊田之外未始无春，而城居者未知也“是本文的画龙点睛之笔。

”夫不能以游堕事，潇然于山石草木之间者，惟此官也。“以议论做结再次表明作者寄情山水的兴趣。

30.诗五首

1、《饮酒（其五）》和《行路难（其一）》；

（1）文学常识

陶渊明，名潜字元亮，东晋诗人。他的诗多描绘自然景色、农村生活的情景，有《陶渊明集》。《饮酒》诗共20首，这是第五首，是陶渊明弃官归隐后的一首五言古诗，为酒后即兴之作。

李白，字太白，号青莲居士，浪漫主义诗人，《行路难》是乐府古题，共3首，抒发了诗人怀才不遇的悲愤和对理想的执着追求。（2）诗歌节奏

《饮酒（其五）》五言诗”二三“式

《行路难（其一）》七言诗”二二三“式

（3）诗歌结构

《饮酒（其五）》开头四句写身居人世，并非无俗事纷扰，心境超脱世俗，不为名利所惑，后六句表现诗人在欣赏美丽的自然景物中获得无限意趣。

《行路难（其一）》前四句写朋友出于对李白的深厚友情，设宴为之饯行，他内心苦闷抑郁、壮志难酬，接着两句用”冰塞川“、”雪满山“的比兴来象征人生道路的艰难险阻，但是诗人不甘消沉，继续追求。

”闲来垂钓碧溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边“，在心境茫然之时诗人忽然想到两位开始在政治上不顺利而最后终于大有作为的人物：吕尚、伊尹，给诗人增加了信心。诗人心理上的失望与希望、抑郁与追求变化交替，表达了进退无路又要继续探索追求的复杂心理。结尾两句境界顿开，相信自己的理想抱负终有实现的一天。

（4）诗歌主旨

《饮酒（其五）》通过写诗人隐居南山闲适、恬淡的生活，表现了诗人淡泊名利的生活情趣。

《行路难（其一）》借乐府古题抒发了自己怀才不遇的郁愤和相信理想、相信未来的勃发情志。

（5）重要语句内涵

”采菊东篱下，悠然见南山“语言简洁，明白如话，但意境清新、纯真，诗人归隐田居后闲来在园子里种植菊花，精心侍弄，等待菊花盛开，诗人抬头随意一望，空旷幽静的南山即在眼前。”菊花“是诗人高洁、不与世俗相争的品质的象征。

”长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海“，相信尽管前路障碍重重，但终将会有一天能够乘长风破万里浪，挂上云帆，横渡沧海，到达理想的彼岸。表现了诗人的倔强、自信和他对理想的执着追求。

2.《茅屋为秋风所破歌》

（1）文学常识：歌行，古体诗的一种，”行“是乐曲的意思，音节、格律较自由，形式采用五言、七言、杂言的古体，《茅屋为秋风所破歌》《白雪歌送武判官归京》属于歌行体。

杜甫，字子美，自称”少陵野老“"杜陵布衣”，人称“杜工部”，著有“三吏（《潼关吏》《新安吏》《石壕吏》）”“三别《新婚别》《垂老别》《无家别》”，他的诗有“诗史”的美称，本人被尊称为“诗圣”，唐代现实主义诗人。

（2）诗歌结构

第一段：写秋风破屋

第二段：对“群童抱茅”的慨叹

第三段：长夜沾湿的苦痛

第四段：诗人推己及人，忧国忧民。

（3）思想情感

诗人通过描写个人生活的不幸遭遇和思想上的苦痛，并推己及人，表现了诗人关心民生疾苦的宽广胸襟和济世情怀，抒发诗人对人民苦难的深切同情和对人类美好生活的向往之情。

（4）重要语句内涵

“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”

由于仕途不顺，生计窘迫，晚年客居成都，靠朋友接济为生，但忧国忧民之心不减，由自己得苦难想到天下寒士，在这受冻的长夜，只要能看到这样的广厦，冻死也心甘情愿，体现了诗人推己及人，关心民生疾苦的博爱情怀。

3.《白雪歌送武判官归京》

（1）文学常识：岑参，唐代边塞诗人，与高适齐名。

（2）诗歌结构

全诗两个主要内容：咏雪、送别

开头四句写胡地奇丽的雪景，“散入珠帘湿罗幕…都护铁衣冷难着”四句，由帐外转入帐内，写军中将士的苦寒生活，侧面写大雪寒威，“瀚海阑干百丈冰…雪上空留马行处”写雪中送别归客，别宴持续到垂暮，终需散席，送客从辕门外直到轮台东门，总要分手。出得辕门，环顾四周，但见雪白世界中的一面鲜红旗帜。

（3）名句鉴赏

“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”状写飞雪落缀在千树万树上的奇景，用梨花比喻飞雪，以千万株梨树枝上的繁英比喻玉树琼枝上的雪花，奇异夺目，气象万千。

4.《己亥杂诗》

（1）文学常识

龚自珍，号定庵，清代进步思想家和诗人，著有《定庵全集》。

道光19年，作者辞官南归，后又北上接家眷，往返途中写成这组诗，共350首，杂述见闻、感想及往事回忆等。

（2）重要语句内涵：“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”落在地上的粉红花瓣绝不是无情的废物，它将化作春泥，以自己的养分孕育新的花朵、孕育新的春天。诗人借“落红”的自白表达与黑暗势力抗争的不屈精神，以及对美好事物的追求和对春天的憧憬一二句写诗人愤然辞官后扬鞭东去远赴天涯，三四句写诗人愿象护花的春泥一样始终关注民众，心系国家。（3）思想感情：该诗表达作者辞官南归的痛苦心情，表现作者不畏挫折不甘心沉沦、立志始终都要为国效力的坚强性格、献身精神。