(比较文学)十四行诗(合集5篇)

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第一篇:(比较文学)十四行诗

1、英语十四行诗的发展历程:

十四行诗原系中世纪民间流行并用于歌唱的一种短小诗歌。欧洲一种格律严谨的抒情诗体。13世纪前期,流行于意大利,意大利西西里诗派诗人达·连蒂尼首次采用此种诗体,韵式是ababababcdecde。14世纪的诗人彼特拉克写了有317首十四行诗的《歌集》,献给他的爱人劳拉。他把韵式改成:前8句是abbaabba,后6句有cdecdecdccdc或cded-ce3种,被称为彼特拉克体;不久它流传到西班牙、葡萄牙、法国、波兰等欧洲各国。16世纪前期的英国诗人怀亚特和萨里把该诗体引入英国诗坛,萨里又把十四行诗的韵式改成:ababcdcdefefgg,为英国多数诗人所喜爱;莎士比亚也采用此韵式,后人称莎士比亚体。当时另一英国著名诗人斯宾塞的十四行诗也有很高成就;他的韵式是:ababbcbccdcdee,称斯宾塞体;以上3体是十四行诗的3个主要韵式。700多年来,在各国十四行诗佳作中,以莎士比亚的154首最为广大读者所喜爱。后来的弥尔顿、华兹华斯、雪莱、济慈、歌德、布朗宁夫人等诗人都写过一些优秀的十四行诗。

2、汉语十四行诗的发展历程:

中国现代十四行诗的产生发展可分为四个时期。第一个时期为1920年至1928年《新月》创刊前,为蛰伏期,主要以理论介绍、作品翻译为主,间或有些创作,却缺乏影响。第二个时期为《新月》创刊至抗战爆发时期,系十四行诗的重要发展阶段。第三时期为抗战爆发后至40年代未,为十四行诗的比较成熟阶段。第四个时期为解放后徘徊潜流期。

3、英语十四行诗的形式特点:

一、行数:要求有十四行,每行不一定是完整的句子。有时为了韵脚的需要,把意思连贯的一句分成两行,但每行词数不一定要相同。

二、结构:一般分为前后两个部份。不同诗体前后两部份的行数不同。彼得拉克体由两节四行诗(共8行)和两节三行诗(共6行)组成。斯宾塞体、莎士比亚体由三节四行诗(共12行)和一节二行诗(共2行)组成,“奥涅金诗节”由两节四行诗(共8行)和两节三行诗(共6行)组成或者由三节四行诗(共12行)和一节二行诗(共2行)组成,形成起承转合的趋势。极端的有雪莱所作的十四行诗,由四节三行诗(共12行)和一节2行诗组成。

三、韵及韵脚:是十四行诗体的难点和特点之一,十四行诗根据不同的诗体:彼得拉克体4到5个,斯宾塞体6个,莎士比亚体7个,“奥涅金诗节”7个。英语词汇一般由多音节组成。韵指的是每行最后一个词的最后一个音节,按规定要相同的叫押韵。各体前后两部份韵脚的安排是:彼得拉克体ABBA、ABBA、CDC、DCD(4韵)或者CDE、CDE(5韵),属抱韵;斯宾塞体 ABAB、BCBC、CDCD、EE,最后两句是对偶句,属套韵;莎士比亚体BABA、CDCD、EFEF、GG,属双形体即交韵(7韵),最后两句对偶;“奥涅金诗节”ABAB、CCDD、EFFE、GG,交韵、随韵、抱韵、叠韵全备(7韵)。

四、轻重音搭配。中国律诗绝句,每句诗中要求平仄相间,使音调抑扬顿挫,铿锵有声,具音乐感,十四行诗虽不要求每行诗词数相同,但要求同样的音步,每个音步有一轻一重两个音节,斯宾塞体、莎士比亚体要求每行5个音步,10个音节;彼得拉克体要求11个音节;法语要求12个音节。奥涅金诗节结尾为轻音者,谓之“阴韵”,9个音节(最后一个轻音音节不构成音步);有的结尾为重音者谓之“阳韵”,8个音节。

4、汉语十四行诗的形式特点:

一是题材。不是所有的题材都可以进入十行诗这样的诗体,正如不是所有的题材都可以进入五律与七律一样。十四行讲究儒雅典丽,上述题材可以符合这样的标准,也方便于自我的讲究。

二是韵式。一般是采用ABAB,ABAB,ABAB,CD这样的韵式,但也有变化。与中国古典律诗的押韵方式更加接近。

三是音节。在音节方面,不是等同划一的,如果句子比较长,则音节多一些,如果句子比较短,则音节少一些,但在同一首诗里,每一行的音节数是基本相等的。正是在这样的讲究的基础之上,才形成了一种和谐的节奏,适合于朗诵。

四是结构。诗中有一些反复的句式,或者一些反复的词语,分别用在组诗的不同位置,以形成一种回环往复的艺术结构。从开头到结尾,考虑到了几个关节点,以形成一种起承转合,有一种曲折反复的艺术效果。如果做得好的话,可以形成层层上升而又层层下降的曲线,这是英语十四行诗特别讲究之处。五是意象的创造。英语十四行并不讲究意象,意象却是中国古典诗歌最重要的特点,因此,我许多时候先是讲究意象的呈现,而不是讲究音韵的构成。一首诗中,如果有新鲜的意象被发现了,则从根本上立足了;如果没有意象的发现,再好的音韵也许只是徒增形式之美。现在回头来看,拙诗之所以让读者觉得很好,我想主要是诗情与意象之美。

六是色彩的搭配。一首诗如果没有任何的色彩是不可能的,我们承认历史上有素淡的好诗,质白的语言也可以是好诗,但我更欣赏张若虚《春江花月夜》那样的富于色彩的诗。因此,拙诗往往通过意象本身讲究色彩的构成,同时更讲究通过色彩词讲究全诗的色彩搭配。

七是组诗形式。这是我汉语十四行诗的最大特点,我没有写出过一首一首的十四行诗,一经写出就是一组,有一个整体的艺术构思。也许这正是我与从前的诗人们在十四行诗的创作上最大的区别。显然,组诗的容量相当于长诗,也可以说是由一首一首短诗组合起来的长诗。长诗并不是史诗,因此不能说我的诗具有史诗的性质。

5、英语十四行诗对汉语诗歌的影响:

十四行诗出处是英文诗,格式和韵律特点都是从英语出发来创造的,相当于是洋服。这种体裁本身来说就不一定适合用中文。英语的节奏和气流本来跟汉语就非常的不同。中文新诗的特点是韵脚和节奏的自由化,那是相对于中文古典诗歌来说的,这也算是一个创举,不过那也是要用自己气质和习惯的体裁,而不是搬别人的。翻译过来的外国诗和现代中文诗看起来差不多,是因为都是白话的,但是本身实际上非常不同,只是翻译这道工序把它们同化了。

再说翻译。翻译都是实在需要传播没办法才在自身语言中去寻找相应的韵律的,自己写我推荐就完全没那个必要再去从外国绕一圈了。当然你要表现一下与众不同的语言天赋的话,这倒是一个不错的选择,毕竟中文复杂的韵脚数是超过英文的韵数的,十多行句子都能通顺流畅地压出同一个韵,意思上还能一脉贯通,在外行人看来你会显得很有能耐的,不过也就是显摆一下的作用了。当然前提是得有人看你卖才行。

每种语言的节奏和声律特点非常不同,也是其各自的妙处所在,诗歌几乎可以说就是韵律节奏的载体,也就是你能找到的那种语言中最好的部分。文言文的七言五律并不会过时,相反从这个意义上来说是非常王道的

6、相比之下,汉语十四行诗可能有的优势:

风格化

7、我最喜欢的三首英语十四行诗:

(1)

That thereby beauty's rose might never die, But as the riper should by time decease, His tender heir might bear his memory;But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, Making a famine where abundance lies, Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.Thout that are now the world's fresh ornament And only herald to the gaudy spring, Within thine own bud buriest thy content And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding.Pity the world, or else this glutton be, To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.对天生的尤物我们要求蕃盛,以便美的玫瑰永远不会枯死,但开透的花朵既要及时凋零,就应把记忆交给娇嫩的后嗣; 但你,只和你自己的明眸定情,把自己当燃料喂养眼中的火焰,和自己作对,待自己未免太狠,把一片丰沃的土地变成荒田。你现在是大地的清新的点缀,又是锦绣阳春的唯一的前锋,为什么把富源葬送在嫩蕊里,温柔的鄙夫,要吝啬,反而浪用? 可怜这个世界吧,要不然,贪夫,就吞噬世界的份,由你和坟墓。(2)

WHEN forty winters shall besiege thy brow And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field, Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now, Will be a tottered weed of small worth held: Then being asked where all thy beauty lies, Where all the treasure of thy lusty days, To say within thine own deep-sunken eyes Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.How much more prasie deserved thy beauty's use If thou couldst answer, 'This fair child of mine Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,' Proving his beauty by succession thine.This were to be new made when thou art old And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st cold.当四十个冬天围攻你的朱颜,在你美的园地挖下深的战壕,你青春的华服,那么被人艳羡,将成褴褛的败絮,谁也不要瞧: 那时人若问起你的美在何处,哪里是你那少壮年华的宝藏,你说,“在我这双深陷的眼眶里,是贪婪的羞耻,和无益的颂扬。” 你的美的用途会更值得赞美,如果你能够说,“我这宁馨小童 将总结我的账,宽恕我的老迈,” 证实他的美在继承你的血统!这将使你在衰老的暮年更生,并使你垂冷的血液感到重温。

(3)白朗宁夫人抒情十四行诗集第一首

I thought once how The ocritus had sung Of the sweet years, the dear and wished-for years, Who each one in a gracious hand appears To bear a gift for mortals, old or young: And, as I mused it in his antique tongue, I saw, in gradual vision through my tears, The sweet, sad years, the melancholy years, Those of my own life, who by turns had flung A shadow across me.Straightway I was 'ware, So weeping, how a mystic Shape did move Behind me, and drew me backward by the hair;And a voice said in mastery, while I strove, `Guess now who holds thee?'--`Death.' I said.But, there The silver answer rang,--`Not Death, but love.' 年复一年,那良辰在殷切的盼望中 翩然降临,各自带一份礼物 分送给世人--年老或是年少。当我这么想,感叹着诗人的古调,穿过我泪眼所逐渐展开的幻觉,我看见,那欢乐的岁月、哀伤的岁月 我自己的年华,把一片片黑影接连着 掠过我的身。紧接着,我就觉察

(我哭了)我背后正有个神秘的黑影 在移动,而且一把揪住了我的发,往后拉,还有一声吆喝(我只是在挣扎): “这回是谁逮住了你?猜!”“死,”我答话 听哪,那银铃似的回音: “不是死,是爱!”

8、我最喜欢的三首汉语十四行诗:

冯至《别离》

我们招一招手,随着别离 我们的世界便分成两个,身边感到冷,眼前忽然辽阔,象刚刚降生的两个婴儿。

啊,一次别离,一次降生,我们担负着工作的辛苦,把冷的变成暖,生的变成熟,各自把个人的世界耕耘,为了再见,好象初次相逢,怀着感谢的情怀想过去,象初晤面时忽然感到前生。

一生里有几回春几回冬,我们只感受时序的轮替,感受不到人间规定的年龄

白马《梦的山谷》 我不想告诉你我的过去 我怕我记忆的阴霾 在你的心空聚成云霭 化作一道阻隔的风雨 我不想深入你的领域

我怕你心灵的蓓蕾一旦绽开 就会经不住霜打日晒 变成一朵枯萎的秋菊 我不想再走捷近的路 捷近的路上没有色彩 但愿你是我望不尽的迷途 我是你听不绝的天籁

我俩在相互迷恋的梦的山谷 永不走近也永不离开

白马《爱的礼物》 一支古老的意大利情歌 经过彼特拉克大师吟唱 带着乡土和野草的芬芳 悠然登上了诗的雅座 文艺复兴的亚得里亚海波 又使这隽永迷人的绝唱 荡起轻盈美丽的双浆 飞向世界的各个角落 一支歌填上了诸家新词 也填补了一片片心灵的荒芜 一种调融入了百般情思 也融化了千万个心灵的孤独 这温馨甜蜜的十四行诗 是上苍赐予人间的爱的礼物

9、汉语十四行诗如何吸收与改造英语十四行诗的优势:

风格化

第二篇:莎士比亚十四行诗

Shall I compare thee to summer's day?我怎么能够把你来比作夏天? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你不独比它可爱也比它温婉 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践,And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽: And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade.但是你的长夏永远不会雕落,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳,Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊,When in eternal lines to time thou growest: 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。

我怎么能够把你来比作夏天?

你不独比它可爱也比它温婉:

狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践,夏天出赁的期限又未免太短:

天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈,它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽:

被机缘或无常的天道所摧折,没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。

但是你的长夏永远不会雕落,也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳,或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊,当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。

只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛,这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。

四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严禁就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。

正如同一个人可以有不止一张照片或者画像那样,一首诗歌也可以有不止一个翻译。这照片、画像、翻译自然不会完全相同,会有优劣好坏的差别。但是,由于欣赏者的口味不一,在不同的欣赏者眼里,不同的作品会有不同的得分。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题:一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌,二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻,但又自然而生动。

本文以莎士比亚的十四行诗第十八首<夏日>里的几个意象作为对朋友美的暗示为切入点:狂风、苍天的巨眼、金彩的脸色,探讨莎翁在赞扬人性方面所涉及的人类和自然之间的关系以及对诗歌主题的宇宙化延伸.文言译文:

美人当青春,婉丽自销魂。

焉知东风恶,良辰讵待人?

朝日何皋皋,暮色何昏昏。

众芳俱摇落,天意倩谁询?

我有丹青笔,腾挪似有神。

为君驻颜色,风霜不可侵。

丹青亦难久,罔若诗与琴?

延年歌一曲,万古扬清芬。

白话译文:

我能否将你比作夏天?

你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残,夏日的勾留何其短暂?

休恋那丽日当空,转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零,催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新,你的美亦将毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁,你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人类,尚有能看的眼睛,这诗就将流传,赋予你新的生命。白话译本:

我能否将你比作夏天?

你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残,夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空,转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零,催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新,你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁,你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇,这诗就将不朽,永葆你的芳颜。

沁园春1[1]·莎士比亚十四行诗第29首

残夜沉沉,四野幽幽,独仰斗牛2[2]。

叹命途多舛,功名无梦;流离颠沛,失意蒙羞。

我欲呼天,苍天无耳,此恨绵绵不可休3[3]。

流清泪,问云山雾水,何处归舟?

当年豪气难酬。更逝水流年憎白头4[4]。

羡相如才气,文章山斗;谢家子弟,竞逞风流5[5]。

忽忆知音,莺啼雀跃,无限春风明月楼6[6]。

生平事,念此情长在,不屑王侯7[7]。

当我受尽命运和人们的白眼,暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零,徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞆的昊天,顾盼着身影,诅咒自己的生辰,愿我和另一个一样富于希望,面貌相似,又和他一样广交游,希求这人的渊博,那人的内行,最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头;

可是,当我正要这样看轻自己,忽然想起了你,于是我的精神,便像云雀破晓从阴霾的大地

振翮上升,高唱着圣歌在天门:

一想起你的爱使我那么富有,和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就

When, In Disgrace With Fortune and Men's Eyes

by William Shakespeare(1564-1616)

说到这段的赏析大多数的人肯定会从积极乐观的方向来思考,但我读了该诗后觉得更多的是作者那种对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无赖,虽然诗里表现得那么大无谓。按照我们中国式的说法就是有点阿Q精神!

When,in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state

And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless criesAnd look upon myself and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least;

Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee, and then my state,Like to the lark at break of day arising

From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.Iambic五音步诗行 pentameterrhythmrhyme

第三篇:莎士比亚----十四行诗范文

SONNET 1

William Shakespeare

《十四行诗》在莎士比亚的全部作品中占有非常重要的地位,诗集收有154首诗,大致认为作于1592年至1598年,1609年于伦敦首次出版。诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(Fair Lord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(Dark Lady),描写爱情。

十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严禁就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。

FROM fairest creatures we desire increase,That thereby beauty's rose might never die,But as the riper should by time decease,His tender heir might bear his memory;

But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,Making a famine where abundance lies,Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.Thout that are now the world's fresh ornament

And only herald to the gaudy spring,Within thine own bud buriest thy content

And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding.Pity the world, or else this glutton be,To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.愿最美的人能多多生育,使青春美貌的花朵永久不朽,成熟的到时候总要死去,他的幼嗣可以继续他的风流,但是你,只看中自己的亮眼睛,用自身作燃料培育那眼里的火焰,在丰收之际造成了饥馑的灾情,与自己为敌,对自己未免过于凶残,你是当今世界之鲜艳的装饰品,是烂缦春光之无比的一朵奇葩,你竟在自己的蓓蕾里埋葬自己的子孙,吝啬鬼,你越是舍不得是越糟蹋,怜悯者世界吧,否则你便是个饕餮的人,你独身而死,你吞食了世界应得的一份。

第四篇:莎士比亚的十四行诗鉴赏

莎士比亚的十四行诗鉴赏

07中本(5)班邹抽合200701452

5116

Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments.Love is not love

Which alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:

O, no!it is an ever-fix`ed mark,That looks on tempests and is never shaken It is the star to every wand'ring bark,Whose worth's unknown, although his heighth be taken.Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks

Within his bending sickle's compass come;Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom: If this be error and upon me proved,I never writ, nor no man ever loved

第一百一十六首

真诚心智之合,请容我说,不允许承认阻碍之存在;

爱若见异思迁,见风转舵,随彼之变而变,就不是爱:

噢,不,爱是“岸标”,永远坚定,俯视下方风雨,永立不摇;

对飘泊海船,它是北斗星----

其奥虽秘,其仰角却可晓。

爱情非时间之小丑,虽然

红唇粉颊皆难逃其弯刀;

爱情不随短暂岁月改变,而是坚忍持至世界终老。

此话若错,且于我身验获,说我无作,世间无人爱过。

结构性和语言美:十四行诗是来源于意大利民间的一种

抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,这可以看到莎士比亚的十四行诗做了大胆的革新,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:abab cdcd efef gg。各种声音按照一定的节奏、旋律、和声等规范组合起来,塑造出一定的音乐形象,表达一定的思想情感。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。叔本华认为,“音乐绝不是表象着现象,而只是表现一切现象的内在本质,一切现象的自在本身,只是表现着意志本身”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严谨就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,充满感情。通过形象去刻画现实、表现思想,诗歌是感性与理性的融合,具象与抽象的交叉,理论与作品互渗。尽管我们不能在音乐的意境与现实事物之间找到准确的对应关系,但这两者所唤起的情感体验却必然是一致或相近的。这首诗的前三节是围绕主题进

行叙述,辩论或抒情,结论在最后两行,画龙点睛,使主题更加明确,往往成为全诗的警句。

莎士比亚的写作对象:一个是关于一位已婚皮肤黝黑女子的不可控制的欲望;另一个是关于一位白皙的年轻男子纯洁的爱。如今仍不清楚是否这些人物代表了真实的人,也不清楚诗中的“我”是代表了莎士比亚自己还是别人?这还是个谜,但能模糊地摸索到一条隐隐约约的线索,把这154首十四行诗连串起来,形成一个整体,那就是1—126首是写给一个年轻的贵族青年,127—154是写给一位黑黝的夫人。而这首诗就是献给这个年轻貌美的青年,并借此来歌颂莎士比亚与他之间的love。莎士比亚描绘的情感世界是丰富,复杂的,诗歌的意境给我们留下一个广阔的遐想空间,创造出“意外之意”和“意在言外”,意象既展示诗人丰富内心世界,又寓抽象模糊之义于具体丰腴物象,具有题外之言和强烈艺术召唤力,而他的十四行诗的主要魅力之一就是他的情感美,他在宣扬情爱观中渗透着他对美的理解、欣赏和追求。爱情和友谊是诗人源源不断的创作灵感,为诗人提供了创作的宝库,他的爱情观包括了生理属性和社会属性,体现着对人性之美、精神之美的发掘和体验。而这首诗歌就是诗人的爱情诗歌。

情感性和思想性:这首诗的感情丰富,寓意深刻,语言优美,节奏鲜明。在莎士比亚的眼里友情是比爱情重要的,而这首诗歌却好是献给一位年轻的美男子,而诗人的爱情和友谊不全是

罗曼蒂克式的,他塑造了一个弃恶从善、惩恶扬善的社会秩序,这种善事抨击虚伪、丑恶的旧伦理体系,通过道德熏陶、理性引导和人为努力达到和谐社会的理想境界;他强调爱情和友谊都必须真实、忠贞,不能三心二意,见异思迁,或喜新厌旧,要经得起时间的考验,压力的考验,也要经得起利诱的考验,诗人歌颂的就是这种至死不渝的爱情,诗曰:“Admit

impediments/ Love is not love /Which alters when it alteration finds/ O, no!it is an ever-fix`ed mark”(不允许承认阻碍之存在;爱若见异思迁,见风转舵,噢,不,爱是‘岸标’,永远坚定)爱,如果不历经风雨,怎么会体会到彩虹的绚丽?接着诗人说出了什么才是真正的爱应该是怎样的,诗曰:“That looks on tempests and is never shaken/It is the star to every wandering bark/Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken”(俯视下方风雨,永立不摇 /对飘泊海船,它是北斗星/其奥虽秘,其仰角却可晓)爱应该是永不褪色的印记,是永不磨灭的痕迹,纵使有狂风暴雨,也绝不动摇呵!爱如蒲草和磐石,蒲草韧如丝,磐石无转移。爱,如海枯石烂,至死不渝,说出爱情的强烈性和不可背叛性,闪耀着理想主义和完美主义的光辉。最后诗人提出了自己的爱情观点,诗曰:“Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks/ But bears it out even to the edge of doom/ If this be error and upon me proved/ I never writ, nor

no man ever loved.”(爱情不随短暂岁月改变,而是坚忍持至世界终老。此话若错,且于我身验获,说我无作,世间无人爱过),只有真心相爱的人才能享受爱情的甜蜜,但并不是所有相爱的人都能珍惜彼此之间的爱情并且享用终生。人世间的一切都如此,不经风雨便无法见彩虹,不经受考验便无以显示真爱的力量。这也可以体现出诗人追求真,善,美的一面。艺术语言和表现手段:艺术上的不事雕琢、崇尚自然,这

种真又是以美为客观对象,通过善的引导而最终实现的,是与美、善、高度统一的真。诗人在诗歌中采用了拟人和隐喻等修辞手法,有助于诗意的表达,增强了表达效果。在拟人手法上,诗人把事物拟人化,更具有人情味,更加贴近生活,增加了语言的生动和形象性,可使读者不仅对所表达的事物产生鲜明的印象,而且可感受到对该事物的强烈的感情,从而引起共鸣。诗人说爱“looks on tempests and is never shaken”,俯视下方风雨,永立不摇,诗句形象生动,令人深思,带出另一种韵味。隐喻是把两个不同事物之间作比较,而高于明喻,主要是或化平淡为生动;或化深奥为浅显;或化抽象为具体;或化冗长为简洁。隐喻能诱发你去深思考虑,隐喻表达的效果要比明喻强烈,如“an ever-fix`ed mark” 爱是“岸标”,使诗歌更具有诗意。莎士比亚对于诗歌艺术的极大自信,诗歌能够记载和传承美,所以美能够在诗歌中实现永恒,既是世界上一切的都消失和灭亡,美却能永恒。

总结:基督教主张禁欲主义,限制人的本能欲望和生活,而人文主义者主张人性自由,激发人们对爱情的大胆向往,对美的热烈追求。莎士比亚的十四行诗是以歌颂爱情、友谊为主题的,而且这一主题既是通过赞颂美表现出来,也最终通过赞颂美来提升其价值内涵的。在这首诗里看不到肉体的放纵,只有最大限度的心灵结合,他对爱友的思念从不因为时间、空间的阻隔而中断,而是始终如一的强烈。他与爱友之间的感情也容不下半点不忠、间隙、隔膜和不和谐,爱对他来说就是灵感的源泉。诗人向往的世界是一个充满爱的世界,因此诗人在诗中极力称赞爱的伟大和超越。它不仅反映了文艺复兴时期的伦理概貌,而且包含了对伦理道德思索和探询,充满了对建立新的社会道德伦理秩序的理想。

第五篇:英文十四行诗读书笔记

Reading notes

The Qionglai City back Longzhen Center Elementary School: Sun literature

Spare time, I have read the former Soviet Union educator Sukhomlinski, “to the recommendations of teachers, the book benefited.The ”use of free time to teach children a suggestion I was very impressed.Rousseau's “edutainment” always makes me confused, I often think: How can we let the students in learning to be happy, happy to learn? Throughout today burdened with the heavy burden of the “l focus on the university entrance exam.Children, they where there are thought to play where there is time to music!

”A person in the study times the most valuable asset is discretionary time“, although the burden is no longer a new topic, but we could still be heard many students complain about the sound, asked them, the original day, finished The teacher assigned the homework home parents have completed a number of operations.Neighbor's little boy came home from school rarely go out the activities, even the winter and summer vacation is no exception, every day in a small room to do what mother arranged ”Jiangsu Volume“, ”extra-curricular supplement read the title“ Problem Set difficult problems(some subject to talk about feelings of contact life)will come to ask me a closer look at the whole problem sets, nothing more than some common subject, the better the subject with the school uniform practice books similar or even identical, while the real can the intellectual development of the subject are very few children in such a practice every day and training exercises abandoned their beautiful childhood.”The most valuable asset“ are unconsciously wasted.I often think about here, becoming a mother I vowed to let his daughter freed from the onerous ”home work“, I would play games with her in the future, look at her painting, appreciate her singing and dancing, and guide her to read sensible, take her to see the wonderful craft of roadside artist...with her understanding of nature, understanding the knowledge of social learning in the school seen in less than not.To alleviate the burden on students in the community to the school at the same time, we also appeal to all parents to children burdens.It is curious about the world's age, it is their restless fun age, every parent can correctly deal with their tender, to appreciate their full of playful move, give them ”the most valuable asset “I believe that each childhood memories will be colorful.”The book hates few when goes, never know difficult for our teachers, too many things to learn, but we know little.Some people say that to teach students a glass of water, the teacher should have a bucket of water.This is of course makes sense, but a bucket of water, such as add, also exhausted.“Q clear expectations, as there is water flowing, solid teaching and know the storm, learn and then know enough”.So, reading,Teachers!

Soviet contemporary educator Sukhomlinski, an educational theorist with over 30 years experience in educational practice.Communist China, he wrote “Suggestions to Teachers,” a book to talk about one hundred recommendations, just like a wise man to stand before you read this book, his patience, resolve the trouble, give me, give

me over to help, but also like a the elderly, the amiable and learned in the difficult time I met in time to give me help, I am confident...Book, each one on a problem, there are vivid examples, brilliant theoretical analysis, many of which are Sukhomlinski education and teaching in the instance of his right, good for teachers to broaden their horizons, raise the level.Book a number of theories have far-reaching impact on me, which impressed me most was the second time of teachers come from? Only 24 hours a day and night “.One looked at the topic I was attracted to.Yes, we often hear teachers talk about ”me, there is no time ah.“ Usually I often complain.24 hours a day and night, only a day, in time per unit of work only eight hours, eight hours is a very full: lesson planning, lessons, marking students' work, counseling learning ability is relatively poor students, but also often reception parents friction between the handle students do a good job in another class layout of the environment, completion of the work of the Corps, is a bit overwhelmed, not to mention now have to take time to carry out his research;night home is also busy at home in the trivial things.Teachers time in the end from where come from? Daily uninterrupted reading, with books and forged a lifelong friendship.Gurgling brook, daily continuously injected into the large rivers of thought.Reading is not in order to meet tomorrow's class, but from the inner need and desire for knowledge.If you want to have more free time, not to put the lesson planning to become monotonous dead pull the textbook, then you should read the academic works.For ah!This thought-provoking words, I comprehend the essence of the mystery of a number of educational techniques.I should not always complain there is no time to complain about too many things, in their language teaching in this discipline, I should make school textbooks that science knowledge has become the common sense of entry.The sea of scientific knowledge, to teach the basics in the student textbook, it should be just a drop in the ocean.Understand these principles, all complain are cast aside.Cited in the book that examples of the history teacher is the best proof.His success is his lifelong time in expanding their knowledge of marine and perseverance to improve their educational skills.Teachers of the time the problem is closely related with the educational process a number of factors.Teachers the time of labor and creativity is like a river, to rely on many small streams to nourish it.How to make these streams always maintain its vitality, the constant murmur of the water, which is when we arrange a time should be given to clear!The ancients said: ”Reading enriches the mind.Reading often and often think, makes us bold and good to make a rigorous self-examination and introspection of their own education and teaching, both afraid to face up to their short, but also to explore the avenues for redress, to be good at summing up their own or peer successful experience from which to extract the essence for reference, to lay a solid foundation for a theoretical breakthrough.Reading recommendations for teachers, I want to say one: reading, make your knowledge becomes richer, years later, the

textbook in the eyes of your eyes on the simple as literacy textbooks and teachers.“ CCTV ”Lecture Room“ program around the broadcast of the Analects of Confucius in Dan Dan ”The Analects“ experience in the world live by the road of the soul, life skills, Gentleman, ideal for road, life every point of the hang, has become many a mirror, I have the honor won the first reading of this book, there will be a clear insight into feeling.I has a more profound understanding of the ”Analects“.The true meaning of ”The Analects“ is to tell you, how can our hearts need the kind of happy life as a teacher, if we can feel these, that our hearts will certainly be less of a lot of complaints, is sure to be a happy and well-being of teachers.Professor Yu Dan mentioned in the book ”We have seen some teachers increased aid, are often accused of his students should not how how it is the teacher did not to the realm of really good teachers such as Confucius, calmly discuss with the students Heaven, Earth, with God a mutual relationship thoroughly publicize the fact, think about on in the process of teaching our students have excellent performance and mediocre results, as well as low achievers, we all know, Confucius' disciples three thousand wise men only 72 “the rest of those students of Confucius, the eternal sage defects, in the face of these circumstances, we teachers need to keep a healthy mind.Like Confucius said that ”Love“ knowledge.” Care for others, benevolence, and understand others is wisdom.For students to understand more individualized to develop students' individual strengths, and poor students in a positive frame of mind, the guide correctly, I believe they will change in their own education, but sooner or later.In Dan “The Analects” experience each story are told the us many of life's philosophy and doing things a man of truth, really hope that the various layers of the solution a taste of which Road Let's together under the light of the various saints of learning growth.Yu Dan Xinyu

Your tolerance, in fact, to give myself to a brighter future.Do not care, kindness, understanding others is wisdom.Failing to bring it too, place them to be under, also should do our own to help those who need help.To the people rose, hands full of incense, give than to obtain more to make our hearts full of happiness.The villain of the arrogance, pride, external air, while a gentleman of the arrogant, proud of is the inner strength of character.Confucius is not advocating the return good for evil, he gave a sense of proportion is to direct complaints.Distance and independence of a people respect, such respect even in the middle of the closest, should maintain.April 3, 2011

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