第一篇：of studies读后感
View on of Studies
2011级师范10班
张莉
1114142186
Key words:
Bacon, studies, reading books, learning, rhetorical device, culture Abstract:
Bacon has created a large amount of famous works, involving philosophy, literature and politics.And the essays of Bacon are so highly esteemed that the critic Hallam declares it would be “derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite letters” to be unacquainted with them.Most of the essays are short but concise.They expressed Bacon’s motions and feelings, or the attitude toward something.The essay Of Studies is the most celebrated one, explaining the functions of books and ways to read books correctly.It is very useful and practical.Introduction:
Francis Bacon is a famous British statement, a philosopher, and a poet.He is the father of modern scientific method and the father of empiricism.Marx once said: “he is the progenitor of English Materialism”.And Mr.Pope also thought he “the wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”.But we often know him as a distinguished poet and prose writer.Bacon has written a lot of famous works and they can be divided into three classes, the philosophical, the literary, and the professional work.The principal and best known of the philosophical works are: the Advancement of Learning, the Novum Organun, and the De Augmentis.Of The Bacon’s literary works, the most important are the Essays.They deal with a great variety of subjects, some quite general like those Of Truth, and Of Death;some on questions of individual behavior like those Of Revenge and Of Friendship;many on problems of statesmanship like that Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates.But his essays are the shining points among all his varies of works.And the most well-known one that we are familiar with is of studies.I met this essay in my elementary school.The passage was translated into Chinese, ancient Chinese.It is known to all that Chinese is very difficult, especially in ancient style.Even people who have a large stock of information cannot interpret ancient work in an absolutely correct way.As a young student, I had a narrow knowledge about Chinese literature, let alone English literature.Naturally, I knew nothing about the author and hardly understood the meaning of the essay.But it is quite different now.From the title, we can get some basic information---it is talking something about studies and reading.It introduced us the three functions of studies, and the different attitudes the different men had toward studies.How should we read a book in an effective and correct way? Having learned this passage, we can get something deeply about studies and apply these methods to our daily life.It must be very useful.Then I will say something of my own understanding about this essay.Body: This prose is covering a lot of parallel structures;the usage of them improves the clearness, and emphasizes the importance of some parts.The first sentence is talking about the three functions of books: it can make us happy and delightful, it can make us knowledgeable and witty, and it also can foster our abilities.The following sentence interprets the first one, making us have a better understanding of these three functions of reading.Reading is good, but it does not mean that we should spend too much doing it.If you read books that way，you will feel exhausted and lazy.We must do everything properly: doing too much is excessive, but a little is insufficient.But at the same time, we should have a clear assessment when we do readings.We bear in mind what are needed, and we delete what are useless.Reading can make up for our natural disadvantages.If someone is not very intellect, actually all the people are not intellect, he can improve himself by reading.It can make us think, and broaden our horizon.It is reading that gives us detailed directions, except for some directions that are only guided by experience.Experience is also essential, it is more important than books to some extent.Skilled men mostly look down on books, while inexperienced men look up to reading.Wise men can apply it to their real life.So the wisdom of reading does not lie inside books, the other way around, outside books.When we do reading, we should be cautious.We neither negate all the things in books, nor believe everything wholly.The two ways are totally wrong.Among all the reading methods, there are three kinds of them: taste, swallow, chew and digest.Some books are to be read only in some parts, it is not worth reading in details;others to be read, but do not have to read it carefully and curiously;a few number of them are should be read back and forth, and meditate them with our whole attention.That is to say, different books use different attitudes.Meanwhile, we should judge them and decide which method we should take.It is known to us all that reading can fulfill a man, but it is not enough.We should take notes when we do readings, especially without a good memory.In a short time, you may remember all the details you have read, but after some time, you may just recall a little about the contents.So we must take notes in case of forgetting.We should discuss with others about what we have read, and what are the opinions and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each one.Thus, we can avoid making the same mistakes next time, and take in other people’s good ideas.We should also be cautious and crafty if we read a little.It doesn’t matter if someone without reading, but the premise is that he has plenty of intellects.Different books bring us different benefits.For examples, learning histories makes men clear-minded, and we can know what has happened in the past times, and also can have a better understanding about the world.Learning poets makes men clever.We will marvel at the wit of our ancestors, and how strict they were when they chose every word.There are great quantities of various books, so we can benefit a lot.Apart from the significance of the essay, there are three main rhetorical devices we should take in, for instance, parallelism, ellipsis, analogy.Parallelism is the most common one among the three.The first sentence of the whole prose is an example, and it makes the meaning clear and convincing.Ellipsis is also easy to see.“Histories make men wise;poets, witty”, and the complete one should be “poets make men witty”.As we can see, ellipsis makes sentence compact and concise.The sentences have become simpler and the important points are highlighted.In such sentences, the usage of parallelism and ellipsis brings great help to express Bacon’s ideas and emotions.Analogy is also quite often used.“Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies, like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.” In this example, he makes an analogy between the solutions of diseases of the body and the disadvantages in mind.It makes the two similar parts seem more vivid.Conclusion:
After learning this short essay, first, I have a better understanding of the functions of books and reading, and also I get to know how to read a book.It should be thoroughly read, or just read parts of it, or even go through it? It depends on the book’s content, and our judgment.So if we get a book, don’t read it immediately.We should check the content first to see if it worth intensive reading.If it isn’t, it will be stupid to spend too much time on it.So giving a correct judgment is absolutely critical.And then, I also understand that the usage of rhetorical devices will beatify our essays.They can make our writing more clear and vivid, and also stand out from others.If we use them, we will be considered to be knowledgeable and well-educated.In Bacon’s words and view of reading, we could see many similarities in our Chinese’s culture.In the essay, “read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider” is similar to what Mencius once said “would rather read no book than believe everything in a book”;while “if a man read little, he had need have a great memory” is equal to “the palest ink is better than the best memory” in Chinese words.So even in different parts of the world and having various cultures, the western and eastern countries still have something in common.And it is this intercommunity enables us to have a better understanding about other cultures.It is true that every coin has two sides.In the development of technology, culture is becoming more and more impure and taking in some bad manners.Therefore, we must adopt the good points of home culture and avoid the shortcomings of other culture.Reference:
ANALYSIS OF OF STUDIES HISTORY AND ANTHOLOGY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
《论读书》，王佐良译
第二篇：读后感
观《小英雄雨来》有感
石横镇电厂小学六年级王艺璇
雨来，一个平平常常的名字。但是他却刻在了我的脑海中。他的英雄事迹让我感慨万千，我由衷的敬佩他面对日本鬼子面对危险时沉着冷静的神态，更赞叹他那强烈的爱国情怀。
今天我们看了一部电影叫《小英雄雨来》。电影主要讲了雨来的老师——启秀老师被日本鬼子抓走了，雨来知道后怒火不已。面对着佐佐木的问题和诱惑总是镇定自诺。后来雨来组织几位同学编好了周密的营救方案，最终趁日本人漫不经心的时候风驰电製的救走了老师。还灭了日本人的威风，成了小英雄。
看了这部影片，才感到雨来是一个不平凡的孩子，有着泰然自诺、大智大勇的精神。虽然他调皮淘气，爱玩，逃课，恶作剧地把癞蛤蟆放在老师做饭的锅里来捉弄老师，但当日本鬼子侵犯时，他神机妙算的捉弄鬼子，面对日本人狡诈的面孔，无所不惧。如果当时是我的话，恐怕我早就吓得手脚发抖、抱头鼠窜了吧！
记得以前我数学一碰到难题就懒得思考，每次都找爸爸讲解，自己根本不放在心中。自从这次看了《小英雄雨来》后我感觉意味深长，对以前的所作所为感到羞愧。使自己认识到了困难就如同敌人，我们要勇敢地去克服困难、战胜困难。解决了一个难题就如同战胜了一个敌人。而且还让我认识到自己的不足，因此我要改掉自己的坏毛病，学习小雨来敢于同日本侵略者做斗争，不怕牺牲的大无畏精神。更要做一个有节气、有想法、有正义感的好学生！
虽然战争离我们已经久远，但我们时刻要有一颗爱国之心。我们
一定会踏着他们的足迹永远走下去。祖国有了战争时期的雨来，有了和平时期的我们，一定会变得强大无比！
观《小英雄雨来》有感
石横镇电厂小学六年级
王艺璇
指导教师：刘瑞香
第三篇：读后感
对于马克思的著作，我读得不多，所受到的马克思上义理论的教育，上要还是来自十儿年耳濡染的课堂宜讲，以及部分马克思主义经典作家的作品，因此只能说是间接地、零星地接触了马克思。最近老师要我们写一篇关于《共产党宜言》的论文，于是我怀着崇敬的心丨仔细阅读了《共产党宜言》这部慕名以久的著作，感觉收获颇丰。
在人类文明史上，有过许多传世名著，但没有哪一篇能够像《共产党宜言》这样牵动全世界最广大人民的心魄。这不仅在于它第一次比较系统地阐明了马克思主义的《本理论，还在于它鲜叨阐述了马克思主义足僵死不变的教条，而是断发展的理论。正如马克思和恩格斯在为《共产党宜言》1872年德文版写的序言中强调的，“随时随地都要以a时的历史条件为转移《共产党宜言》发表后数十年间，马克思、恩格斯一直注意用实践检验自己的理论，在总结1848年革命经验教训的基础上，阐明/断革命、工农联盟、无产阶级专政的思想；根据巴黎公社的经验教训发展了关于无产阶级革命和无产阶级专政的学说、关于无产阶级政党的理论，从而使自己的理论不断丰富发展，成为严整的科学体系。
通过《共产党宜言》，马克思，恩格斯给了我们一块“照妖镜”，一个看阶级斗争问题角度，一套阶级斗争的思想。我们运爪这_法宝看问题，一切资产阶级的虚假和掩饰都无济于事。无论资产阶级如何变化，从资产阶级的本质出发分析2今世界的形势，才能不被表而现象所迷惑，看清楚事情的本来而口，从而坚定立场，搞好我国的社会主义事业。这才是我们在新形式下学习和发扬《共产党立言》桁髓的实际意义。
这是一部有着深刻历史意义的立言，不仅对治时资本主义社会中的阶级对立和斗争进行了深刻的分析，而且为无产阶级的斗争指明了方向。即使是在一百多
年后的今天，对我们分析和理解2今国际政治经济局势以及我国社会主义的发展，仍旧有着深刻的指导和借鉴意义。
以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人，在同一切从本本出发、照抄照搬外国经验的教条主义的长期斗争中，坚持理论联系实际、实事求是的原则，创造性地运用和发展马克思主义，找到了农衬包闱城市的革命道路，实现/马克思列宁主义同中国实际相结合的第_次历史性飞跃》这次飞跃的理论成果就是毛泽东思想。以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，抓住“什么是社会主义，怎样逑设社会主义quot这个根本问题，从新的历史条件出发，深刻地祸示了社会土义的本质，找到了一条建设有中国特色社会主义的道路，实现了马克思列宁主义同中国实际相结合的第二次力史性跃。这次跃的理论成果就是邓小平理论。
面对充满挑战和希销的21世纪，中国共产党面临着巨大的新考验。正确应对国际国内的新问题，把中国的事怡办好，完成领导中平民族实现伟大复兴的历史重任，关键取决于党的建设。
第四篇：读后感
走进巴金散文 品味经典美文
巴金是我国现代著名的小说家，也是一位勤奋多产、文质兼美的 杰出的散文家.我最近看了’他的散文 之鸟的天堂涉，文章真挚亲切，以恪动人，以赤子之寞写赤子之爱。从中感受到了 ”愿化泥土” 的巴
金精神。
G鸟的天堂梦 主要记叙他和朋友在南国乡村游览的一段小小的经历，也是他记录的一个生活片'断。他通过对大榕树和鸟的描写，把傍晚的宁静和早上群鸟飞翔的一幅“鸟的天堂“图，生动优美地展 现在人们的眼前。
文章开头作者用简洁的语言把我带进了鸟的天堂，用比喻的手
法对大榕树的叶子、树枝和根进行了生动的描写，如：59B十榕树正时
枝叶繁茂时节，这棵榕树好像在把它的全部生命力展览给我们看。一 簇堆在另一簇上面，不留一·点缝隙，翠绿的颜色明亮地在我眼前闪耀，似乎每一片树叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。写出了大榕树的勃勃生 机。作者接下去写了第二天早上再经过“鸟的天堂“时发现了百鸟争 鸣，应接不暇的热闹场面，生动描写了百鸟在我身边快乐、自由地飞 翔蓍，歌唱着。.。.，散文诗意不浓烈，把飞抑的马群偏写成“鸟影”让
现实接近遐想，在自然中流荡着作家自强、自信、自豪的丰富情感。也表达了作者对生命的热爱。G乌的天堂万 既是作者对过去生活的总
结，又是对未来生活的期盼，我看了这篇散文仿佛使自己置身于这鸟的天堂，把自己变成一 只小小鸟在天空中快乐、自由地飞翔着。。，酉递的网读后
暑假里，老师推荐我们阅读一本书，叫G夏洛的网。这本
书是美国最杰出的随笔作家——E B.怀特写的，我刚看了一篇，就被深深的吸引住了。
这本书主要写了一只小猪——威尔伯和一只蜘蛛——夏洛
它们俩之间的故事。夏洛和威尔伯听到了一个坏消息： 圣诞节的 时候威尔伯要被杀掉，变成熏肉火锅。威尔伯急了在那边哭喊： ”我不要死呀！我不要死呀！’’但是夏洛没有听天由命——让威 尔伯死，它决定帮助威尔伯，然后夏洛终于想到了一个办法。第 二天，夏洛叫威尔伯站在它的大网下，夏洛在网上织了三个字”王 牌猪”，然后又织了”光彩照入、谦卑”几个字，威尔伯得救了。后来，夏洛去世了，威尔伯也挽救了夏洛的孩子，并把它们带回
了农场。
通过这个故事，我懂的了很多道理，夏洛只是一只蜘蛛，它的力量很弱小，但是它全心全意地帮助它的朋友，使我懂得了友 情的珍贵，我也要向它们学习，学会感恩，珍惜友情。
4,夏洛的网读后感
(夏洛的网挣是一本童话小说，是来自美国的E，B 怀特写的。里 面描述了动物们善良的心和他们之问的真实友谊.里面动物们非常可
爱，如： 小猪——威尔伯，蜘蛛一一夏洛，老鼠——漭普尔顿.，.，.，书的主要内容是：在朱克曼家的谷仓里生活着一群快乐的动物，其中 小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛成了最要好的朋友。然而，一十可怕的消息打 披了谷场的平静： 威尔伯未来的命运竟然是熏火腿！但是看似非常小的夏洛却说： “让我来救你吧1”于是在这生死攸关之际，夏洛用自己的丝在猪栏上织出了被人们视为迹网上文字(王牌猪、了不起、光彩 照人)，巡转了威尔你的命运，终于让它在集市大赛中赢得了胜利。但是这时候蜘蛛的生命却要停止。一只蜘蛛为了挽救朋友的生命牺牲 了自己的生命.我非常敬佩小猪的厚道、蜘蛛的友爱、老鼠的灵活，弗恩的爱心，但我更敬佩故事中动物们中的友惝和友爱。
勇往直前永不放弃
----------读《鲁滨逊漯流记》后感
四（1）班程祺
这本书每次读都会让我身临其境，就这样看着他遇险，在滔天大浪中死里逃 生
生，每一次他脱险，我都会为他常常舒了一口气。当 我看到他发现了野人的大脚印时，我的心都快嗓子眼了。到了嗓子醍了.我仿佛看到轮船甲板上站着一位，放弃了富裕而又舒适的生活，从而开始一次与死神决斗的探险家，航海家鲁滨逊，种种不幸与困难没有压倒他，反而使他更加坚强。
兽滨赴出生在一个很平凡的家庭叟，可他却一个不平凡的梦想一一就是航海历险.当他沉落荒岛的时候，他做了一些自己平时根本做不到的事，完成了他从小的梦，他从一个什么都没有的荒岛涟难者，变成了这个原本被他称作绝望岛的主人。在岛上过了28个2个月19天的历险生活。
鲁滨逊是一个善于发现的人，有一次无意中发现掉到墙角的的一些谷壳，竟长出了几I
十个穗头.从此，鲁滨逊一到雨季就撒下种子试验，功夫不负有心人，鲁滨逊终于种出了大大麦和稻米，他有了生活的口粮再也不用担心饿肚子了。
鲁滨逊想造船回乡, 他花费了数年的时间，用了无数的心血，但由于事先没有考虑周全，船做好了，但是离海边太远，船没办法下水，这,下多年的心血白花了，一切希望破灭了，直到野人星期五的出现，这个希望才重新又油然升起。
鲁滨逊是一十伟大的人，坚毅的人，他敢于同恶劣的环境怍斗争，在逆境中锻炼自己.成就了一番不平凡的事；
我的人生也随着这本书而起肮，这本书教会我只有坚持才能胜利, 只有实干才能让我们摆脱困境，我要向书中的主人公一样，在人生的肮海中，勇往直前，永不放弃。
第五篇：读后感
《鲁滨逊漂流记》读后感
鲁滨逊从小就有一个梦想，那就是去冒险，但始终未能完成。终于有一天，他离开了家，不听父母劝阻，去海外历险，在航行中遇到了可怕的风浪翻了船，除他之外无一人生还。他流落到了孤岛上，凭着惊人的毅力和勇气，在二十八年后他依靠自己的智慧逃出了孤岛。
刚到孤岛的他是绝望的，但是他对生活充满了希望，一心一意安排着自己的生活，做一块木板要四十二天，但他不灰心，总结失败，重新开始。经过千辛万苦，终于顽强地活了下来，还救援并教化了野人“星期五”，成了孤岛的岛主，辛勤劳动换来令人欣慰的回报，他最后变得有船用，有面包吃，有陶器用，有种植园，有牧场，还有两处豪华的住宅呢！
这个故事告诉我们很多做人的道理，当我遇到困难的时候，我就会后退，不肯向前，遇到压力时，我就会放弃，但是人的一生还是会遇到很多的困难和压力，有许许多多的坎坷，父母不能跟随我们一辈子，只有靠我们自己，我们要勇敢面对，不放弃，有志气，有毅力，用智慧和勇敢克服困难，直到最后成功，向着我的理想努力前进。
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