2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语

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第一篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第4讲动词与动词短语

第4讲 动词与动词短语

1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25)A.held out

C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30)A.shape

C.stretch

答案 A 解析 句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。

3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down

C.get up

答案 A 解析 句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。

4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach

C.compromise

答案 C 解析 句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。

5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30)

B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off

C.turned off

答案 B

B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意为:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功,起飞,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off关掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合题意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏,33)A.gain admission to

C.take advantage of

答案 C 解析 句意为:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与……保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,均不符合题意。

7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide

C.control

答案 A 解析 句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。divide分开;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。根据句意可知选A。

8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away

C.cut off

答案 C 解析 句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。根据句意可知选C。

9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited

C.reflected

答案 C 解析 句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.abandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 体现,符合语境。limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。

10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to

C.turned a deaf ear to

答案 A 解析 句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”,符合语境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。

11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on

C.turn down

答案 A 解析 句意为:我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙,没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行,继续”,符合语境。break into打断,闯入;turn down调低,拒绝;cut off停止,中断。

12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate

C.perform

答案 D 解析 句意为:学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。

13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏,27)A.apply to

C.appeal to

答案 B 解析 句意为:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于,申请;cater for 迎合,满足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上诉;hunt for 搜寻。

14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏,29)A.wait on

C.count on

B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意为:整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,关注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜访,号召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce

C.process

答案 C 解析 句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。

16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float

C.shrink

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果钢铁比水重的话,那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合语境。drown淹没,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收缩,(使)缩小;split(使)裂开,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop

C.substitute

答案 D 解析 句意为:如果你来访问中国,你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发;create创造;substitute替代;experience经历,体验。

18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face

C.raise

答案 D 解析 句意为:这个团队正在努力分析这个问题,以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提高。

19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper

C.declare

B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.analyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了不让别人听到自己的声音,她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是竖起手指示意,并没有出声。signal意为“示意”,所以答案选B项。whisper低语;declare宣布;complain抱怨。

20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince

C.avoid

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话,你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教,咨询,找(医生)诊治,符合语境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影响。

B.consult D.affect

1.有些动词,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系动词,又可用作实义动词,怎么判断呢?系动词常跟形容词作表语;实义动词则常用副词作状语;系动词一般不用进行时,但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时,可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)2.run out/run out of的区别:run out是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词;run out of是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。

3.具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”:

ache渴望;address在……上写地址;appreciate理解,意识到;count有价值;cover足以支付;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;walk遛等。

4.常见的基础词汇如get,take,put,break,look,call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝,隔离”。

1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考,32)A.pull out

C.try out

答案 A 解析 句意为:Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月,但不幸的是,由于膝伤,他不得不退出。work out计算出,锻炼;try out试验,选拔;give out散发,分发,用完。pull out退出,(使)离开,符合语境,故选A项。

2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on

答案 A 解析 句意为:如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远,最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,辍学;catch on流行起来;spring up突然出现。故选A项。

3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末,30)A.give up

C.hold up

答案 B 解析 句意为:如果你设法在危机中幸存下来,思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受,拿起,举起,占据(空间或时间),开始从事,符合句意。give up放弃;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;put up举起,升起,设立,建造,提供住宿,张贴,悬挂。故选B项。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,27)A.distinguish

C.adjust

答案 B 解析 句意为:你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起,他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起,使有关系,符合题意。distinguish区别,区分;adjust调整,校准;divorce离婚,使分离。

B.associate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,30)A.caters to

C.appeals to

答案 C 解析 句意为:和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感,但独居对我更有吸引力,因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,为……服务;refer to参考,指的是;respond to响应,回应。

6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining

C.guaranteeing

答案 B 解析 句意为:随着经济的成熟,在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义,使明确;guarantee保证,担保;assure保证,确保。均不符合语境。assume承担,呈现,假定,认为,assume a greater role承担更大的作用,符合题意,故选B项。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports

C.transforms

答案 A 解析 句意为:最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节,适应;transform使改观,使变形;relate联系,均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”,符合语境,故选A项。

8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.reveal

C.preview

答案 C 解析 句意为:在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中,学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知,此处指预先进行实验,preview预展,预演,符合语境。故选C项。

9.The Palace of Versailles,France’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,23)

B.reserve D.provide B.adjusts D.relates B.assuming D.assuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through

C.led to

答案 A

B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意为:凡尔赛宫,法国的国宝,在它一个世纪的历史中,经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现,接纳;lead to导致;show off炫耀。go through经历,经受,此处注意动宾搭配,go through changes经历变化,符合语境,故选A项。

10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,31)A.taking up

C.breaking up

答案 A 解析 句意为:得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出,有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据;divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根据句意可知,答案为A。

11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研,23)A.involve

C.associate

答案 A 解析 句意为:友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动;它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),符合句意。request要求,请求;associate联系,联想;deliver递送,运送,发表(讲话),接生。

12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研,27)A.get over

C.hand over

答案 D 解析 句意为:我认为这个实验支持我的理论,但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查,温习,复习,符合句意。get over克服,战胜,恢复;take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交给,递给,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、盐城一模,29)A.smile on

C.see through

B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意为:——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦,真可惜!smile on对……加以称赞,对……青睐,符合句意。concentrate on专心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,识破;live through经历过,经受住,经历……而幸存。

14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate

C.negotiate

答案 A 解析 句意为:20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视,区别,辨别;conclude断定,结束;negotiate协商,谈判;compensate弥补,补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字,符合题意,故选A项。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,25)A.make his way

C.give his way

答案 B 解析 句意为:——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的,但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进,行进;get one’s way随心所欲,为所欲为;没有give one’s way这种形式,只有give way to “给……让路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。

16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,27)A.identify

C.combine

答案 D 解析 句意为:最近一项研究显示,吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力,从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定;correspond对应;combine结合;interfere干扰。故选D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意为:人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4:1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出;work out算出;set off动身,引起;put out

B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄灭。故选C。

18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模,25)A.releasing

C.refreshing

答案 A 解析 句意为:在气愤时心疼一下自己,找个僻静处散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。release释放;recover恢复,再生;refresh恢复精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.accustomed

C.entitled

答案 C 解析 句意为:如果你从来没有工作过的话,就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯;resign辞职;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合资格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利,符合语境,故选C项。

20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release

C.reveal

答案 C 解析 句意为:通过把这个理论应用于这个问题,我们能够去除细节,使简单的模式显现出来。release释放,发布;reject拒绝,排斥;replace代替。reveal显示,揭示,符合题意,故选C项。

B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling

第二篇:2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第2讲非谓语动词

第2讲 非谓语动词

1.Many Chinese brands,________ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏,21)A.having developed

C.developed

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“________their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系,且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries,这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作,因此选A。

2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京,27)A.save

C.to save

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。

3.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京,30)A.ranging

C.to range

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为:国家公园有一大批野生生物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从„„到„„(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。

4.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京,32)

B.range D.ranged B.saving D.saved

B.being developed D.developing A.to spend

C.spending

答案 D

B.spend D.spent

解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词形式。

5.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ________.(2017·天津,10)A.catching

C.to catch

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为:整个会议期间,我一直在看时间,因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,且catch与a train是动宾关系,故用动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。

6.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津,14)A.being allowed

C.having allowed

答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。

7.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江苏,28)A.to hide

C.hiding

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为:在艺术评论中,你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系,故要用过去分词作后置定语。

8.________ it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京,26)A.Made

C.Making

答案 D

B.Make D.To make B.hidden D.being hidden B.allowing D.allowed B.caught D.to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知,make的逻辑主语为you,you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,结合句意可知,非谓语动词在这里作目的状语,故选D。

9.________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京,28)A.Ordering

C.Having ordered

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为:那些书一周前已经预定了,现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故选D。

10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津,4)A.making

C.made

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词,所以make只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。11.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江,10)A.having conducted

C.conducting

答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中没有连词,所以空处用非谓语动词,且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。12.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江,19)A.working

C.to work

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。

B.work D.worked B.to be conducted D.conducted B.to make D.being made B.To order D.Ordered 题干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,是固定搭配,故选A。13.Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏,24)A.being spent

C.spent

答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为:长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

14.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津,8)A.To work

C.To be working

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。work与其逻辑主语Steve之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词形式;同时work的动作发生在谓语动作managed to finish之前,故要用完成时。

15.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30)A.wondering

C.to wonder

答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:那名店员看到一张友善的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系,且wonder与主句动作stood是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。16.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南,34)A.to talk over

C.talk over

答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。

B.talked over D.having talked over B.wonder D.wondered B.Worked D.Having worked B.having spent D.spending 17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆,11)A.used

C.using

答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,且use表示的动作与主句谓语动作find同时发生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。

18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江,18)A.perform

C.to perform

答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。

19.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陕西,18)A.taking

C.take

答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是do,doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do;若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。

20.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽,27)A.Ignore

B.Ignoring B.taken D.be taken B.performing D.being performed B.having used D.use C.Ignored

答案 B

D.Having ignored 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.-ing短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。

一、常考考点

1.在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语

The teacher devoted his life to his career,making most of his students successful in study.这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业,使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。2.在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children,I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后,我知道什么是最需要的。

3.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back,the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.这位妇女在打扫富人的房子,她的孩子正睡在她的背上。

4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词

His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具,把妹妹弄哭了。

二、易错点梳理

1.表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize,surprised and happy.他中了大奖,又惊喜又快乐。

句中surprised形式上是过去分词,但已转化为形容词,在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。2.在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题

Dressed in a white skirt,the girl looks like an angel.穿着白色裙子,这个女孩看上去像天使。

dressed是过去分词,但它没有被动的意思,而表示“穿着”这一主动意义。3.在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题

Looking tired and weak,the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱,她应该请一天假去看医生。look在本题中为感官动词,感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动。4.从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题

用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致,有时不一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,从而构成“分词的独立主格结构”。Seen from this angle,the mountain looks like a face of a man.从这个角度看,这座山看起来像一个人的脸。

Time permitting,I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.时间允许的话,明天下午我就和你一起去那里。

5.在“and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个选项表面上像非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。

1.Many natural disasters took place across the country,________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模,28)A.to have brought

C.only to bring

答案 B 解析 句意为:很多自然灾害发生在全国各地,结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知,设空处应为结果状语。only to do作结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,不符合本题语境;自然灾害的发生造成生命财产的损失是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,故选B项。

2.“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks,” the spokesman continued,“ ________ to several hot issues,witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·华庚中学测试,31)A.refer

C.having referred

B.referring D.referred B.only bringing D.having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为:发言人继续说道,“习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。” 根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应是非谓语动词作定语修饰talks,talks与refer to...之间存在主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故选B项。

3.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com,________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,29)A.proving

C.to be proved

答案 A 解析 句意为:《三体》迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品,这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。proving that...是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选A。

4.To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,23)A.breaking into

C.broken into

答案 C 解析 句意为:令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知,主语the house与break into之间为被动关系,即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into,故选C项。5.—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh,Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never ________ again.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,24)A.to find

C.finding

答案 B 解析 句意为:——Tim怎么了?——噢,他的手机不小心忘在出租车上,再也找不回来了。Tim’s cell phone和find之间是被动关系,且find的动作在谓语动词动作之后,故用动词不定式的一般被动式,故答案为B。

B.to be found D.being found B.having broken into D.being broken into B.to prove D.will prove 6.In a diverse society,one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·启东中学月考,32)A.it being

C.there being

答案 D 解析 句意为:在一个多样化的社会,一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect一词的非谓语动词用法,即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其与there be句式的混合考法,即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。

7.The water was now two feet deep,making it difficult,if not impossible,________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模拟,22)A.getting

C.to get

答案 C 解析 句意为:水现在有两英尺深,即使有可能,也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语,it是形式宾语,difficult是补足语,故答案为C。

8.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences,thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京学情调研,28)A.to inspire

C.inspired

答案 B 解析 句意为:根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众,从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗号前面为主句,其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及thus可知空格处表示自然而然的结果,故选B项。

9.The white building,________ threats to pull it down,is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋联考,11)A.to survive

C.surviving

答案 D 解析 句意为:在险些被拆除后,那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。the white building与survive之间应为主动关系且

B.survived D.having survived B.inspiring D.having inspired B.got D.get B.it to be D.there to be survive先于句子谓语动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,相当于after引导的时间状语从句,故选D项。

10.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government,the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,31)A.to be collected

C.being collected

答案 A 解析 句意为:大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集,余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知,逗号后不能构成句子,应用独立主格结构。the rest与collect之间存在被动关系;根据the coming charity concerts可知,余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐,应用动词不定式的被动结构,故选A项。

11.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·镇江期末,28)A.heard

C.hearing

答案 A 解析 句意为:女性值得被有尊严地对待,她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知,空格处为宾补,make后常用不带to的不定式作宾补,排除D项;宾语voices与hear之间为被动关系,应用过去分词heard,故选A项。

12.A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,26)A.exposed

C.being exposed

答案 C 解析 句意为:明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词of后跟动名词作宾语,her children是动名词的逻辑主语,且her children和expose之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,所以正确答案为C。

13.Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模,25)

B.exposing D.to be exposed B.having heard D.to be heard

B.having been collected D.to have been collected A.increasing

C.having increased

答案 A

B.to increase D.being increased 解析 句意为:笑会使心脏功能和血液循环产生短期的变化,增加心率和氧气的消耗。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是非谓语动词作结果状语,increase带有宾语,为主动形式,此处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,故选A项。

14.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?

—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·苏州调研,28)A.to be trapped

C.trapped

答案 C 解析 句意为:——你能告诉我《加州旅馆》这首歌中的“你随时可以退房,但你永远无法离去”这句歌词是什么意思吗?——它暗示了吸毒者发现他们自己被困在了一个他们无法逃脱的监狱里。分析句子成分可知,themselves与trap之间为被动关系,故选C项。15.—Sharon,why is the man so upset now? —His wallet,mobile phone and ID card ________,the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,27)A.was stolen

C.being stolen

答案 B 解析 句意为:——Sharon,为什么那个人现在那么沮丧?——他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷了,警察正在调查而且要把他送到社会救助站。根据句子结构可知,设空处所在部分为独立主格结构,his wallet,mobile phone and ID card与steal之间存在被动关系。being stolen表示正在被偷,与题意不符,应该是已经被偷了,故选B项。

16.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes,the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、盐城二模,33)A.Winning

C.Having won

B.Won D.To win B.stolen D.having stolen B.having trapped D.trapping 答案 C 解析 句意为:在获得了破纪录的七个金球奖之后,音乐剧《爱乐之城》却出人意料地没有吸引中国的观众。根据句子结构可知,此处表示的动作先于句子谓语动作发生,即赢得奖项在先,不吸引中国观众在后。having won为现在分词的完成式,此处作时间状语,表示动作先于谓语动作发生,故选C项。

17.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·苏北六市联考,29)A.Spending

C.To spend

答案 A 解析 句意为:——Nicky作为公共关系总监要做什么事呢?——花很多时间和别人在一起。第二个说话人针对问题中的what进行回答,空格处应用动名词短语,故选A项。

18.________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle,Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·苏州一模,26)A.Touched

C.Touch

答案 B 解析 句意为:在西雅图的欢迎宴会的讲话中习近平谈及网络空间的问题时,他号召所有国家合作制定与国情相符的网络政策。句子主语Xi Jinping与touch on(谈及,涉及)之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。

19.There are always some obstacles in the way,something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,26)A.to be got through B.got through C.getting through D.having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意为:总有一些障碍在挡路,一些我们实现真正的教育目标前需要克服的东西。根据句子结构可知,这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰something,get through意为“克服”,B.Touching D.To touch B.Having spent D.To have spent something与get through间为被动关系;根据句意可知,“实现真正的教育目标”是将来的事,因此“需要克服的东西”也在将来,故选A。

20.—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes,and it brings us great convenience.A.to be building

C.to have built

答案 D 解析 句意为:——据报道一座新桥已经被建造在你家乡的那条河上。——是的,它给我们带来很大的便利。根据答句的时态可知,桥已经被建造好,故设空处应用完成式,又因为bridge与build之间是动宾关系,故应用动词不定式的完成被动式。故选D项。

B.to be built D.to have been built

第三篇:2016江苏高考英语动词短语总结

2017江苏高考备考英语动词短语大全

(1)act短语

act as 担任…职务,起…作用

act for 代理(职务),代为(处理)act out 表演(对话、情节等)

act up 捣乱,出问题(2)believe短语

believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张 believe one's ears 相信所听到的话 make believe 假装(pretend to do sth.)seeing is believing 眼见为实(3)break短语

break away 摆脱,脱离

break away from … 脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破

break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃

break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服

break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成

break(sth)off(使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝 break out(战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚 break open 破开,撬开

break short 中断,折断

break out in tears 突然大哭

break the rule(law)违反规定 break one’s promise 失言

break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去

break up vt.分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束(4)blow短语

blow about 吹散

blow away 吹走

blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭 blow out吹灭,走气

blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气 give sb.a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击

(5)bring短语

bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使 bring along 把……带来,领来

bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆

bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒

bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落

bring down / up(the price)降价/提价 bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出 bring forward 提出 bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收 bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行 bring into operation 使运转,将...投入 bring into(full)play 发挥,调动,利用 bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸

bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点)

bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出

bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走 bring to 使……苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施…… bring to light 出现,公布,暴露

bring to mind 使想起,回忆起 bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止

(6)build短语

build...into 把...建设成,把...装入 build on / upon 建立在...上,依赖,指望

build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 build up to 增加(7)以burst为中心的词组

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现 burst in 闯进,突然出现 burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出 burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑(8)call短语

call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开 call at(sp)访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在 call back 回电话

call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取

call / shout for help 呼救 call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on / upon 号召

call on(sb)拜访(某人),访问(某人)call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起 call sb…for short 简称某人…… call sb names 谩骂某人

call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集 call to mind 使想起,回忆起

pay a call at sp.访问(某地)pay a call on sb.拜访(某人)

2(9)catch短语

be caught in the rain 淋雨

catch /take fire 着火 catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎 catch one’s word 听懂话

catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处

catch sight of 发现,瞥见(10)carry短语

carry about 随身携带 carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry...into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成 carry off 带走叼走,夺去...的生命,获得(奖品)carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成

carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成(11)check短语

check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆 check off 检验,清点

check on 检查,调查 check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆

check up 核对,检查,检验 check with 商议,符合,核对无误(12)clear短语

clear away 扫除,消除 clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停 clear out 清除,扫出 clear through 通过(检查,批准)clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除 make it clear that...使人明白(13)come短语

come about 发生,产生,(风,帆)改变方向

come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,随同,进展,出现

come at … 向……袭击,达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来,想起来,复原

come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒

come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处 come for… 来拿,来取 come from… 来自,出生于,起源于 come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次 come into being 形成,产生,出现 come into operation开始运转,实施,生效 come into possession of占有,拥有

come into the possession of被...占有,被...拥有 come off 脱落,从……离开

come on 过来,加油,赶快,上演;开始;登台;(问题)被提出

come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点

come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发现 come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露

come over 访问,越过

come over to… 过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around(非正式)来访,串门,绕道

come off(头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开

come to … 来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒,达到;归结于,渐渐(to do sth =get to do sth.)come to a decision 作出决定

come to an end 结束,终止 come to know 逐渐地知道 come to life(变得)活泼,苏醒过来,栩栩如生 come to light 显露,为人所知,明朗化 come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉 come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿

come to / into power 当权,上台 come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受 come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实 come up 被提出,上来,(风浪)猛烈起来,抬头,走近;上楼;长出,发芽,流行起来

come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上 come upon(偶然)遇见,突然发生(14)cross短语

cross out / off 打消,删去,除去 cross one's fingers交叉手指(表祝福)

cross one's mind想起

cross over横贯,穿过,交叉 cross sb.in 与某人作对,在...中阻碍某人(15)cut短语: a cut above 胜过一筹 a short cut近路,捷径

cut/break/make a /the record 创造新记录,打破记录 cut away 切除,剪去,砍掉,逃走

cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短 cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入 cut in line 插队

cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉 cut sth.open 切开,切伤

cut out 删除,剪下来,切下 cut sth.short 缩减,截短

cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿

cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭(16)do短语:

be done in 精疲力竭

be done with 完全结束 do the deed 付诸行动,生效 do about 处理,应付

do and don’t 要与不要

do a good deed 做一件好事 do a test 做实验,做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜 do away with 废除,废除;弄死;浪费

do body-building 做健身操

do chores 处理琐事,干家务 do /cause damage to 损害

do its work 有效,有作用 do housework 做家务活

do make-up 化妆,打扮

do observations 观察 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do much 极有用 do sb.right 公平对待,正确批评某人 do research on… 从事……研究工作 do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人,对某人表示敬意 do sb.justice 公平对待某人

do up 打扮,梳妆,收拾,把(衣服,鞋子等)扣/系好,捆,扎,刷新 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣 do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好 do wonders 创造奇迹,产生奇特的效果

do with 处理,处置,对付,和~~相处,忍受 do without 不需要...也行,不用

do wrong 做坏事,做错事(do right = do the right thing 做得对)in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下(17)drive短语

drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶

drive off 驱散 drive out 逐出,乘车出去

drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)

drive sb.mad 使某人发疯(18)fall短语

fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默

fall back撤退,后退

fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败 fall in love with...爱上(某人)fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐

fall into a habit of 养成...习惯

fall off 掉下,衰退,减少 fall over 摔倒,落在...上,(头发)披在肩上

fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解 fall into ruins 成为废墟 fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空(19)fix短语

fix a date / time for...为...安排日期/时间 fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供

fix on / upon 确定,决定

fix one's eyes on/upon 注视,凝视 fix one's attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在 out of fix(钟表)不准,不健全(20)get短语

get at 意指,本意是,发现,了解;掌握;攻击 get about 四处走动,活动,徘徊,旅行;流传 get above oneself 自视高傲

get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解 get ahead of 胜过,超过 get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处 get around 走动,传播,影响,说服 get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假

get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复

get behind 落后;识破

get close to 接近get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来 get down on one’s knees 跪下

get down to(doing)sth 认真对待,静下心来开始(做)某事 get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉

get in a word 插话 get into 进入,陷入,养成 get sb into… 使某人陷入 get it 接(电话),应(门),理解,懂得 get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身

get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处 get on / along with… 进展,与……相处 get on/upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功 get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯

get on one’s feet(艰难地)站立起来

get out vi.摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开

get out of 逃避,避免,由~~出来,从~~得出,退休 get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排

get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达 get to 到达,抵达

get to sleep 入睡,设法睡着

get / gain / take possession of 占有,拥有,占领

get ready for 为……做准备

get rid of 除掉,去掉 get sb to do 让某人做

get the idea for… 想到……的主意 get the message across 传播信息

get together 相聚,碰头,联欢,积聚,商谈,取得一致意见 get / be engaged(to sb)(与某人)订婚(21)give短语

be given to 沉溺于,习惯于,癖好

give about 分配;传播

give and take 相互迁就,互让 give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发

give back 归还,送回

give back 归还,反射 give cause 给予~~的理由

give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出,放出;发表

give in 投降,让步,屈服 give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

give off 释放,发出,放出(烟、光、热、气味等)give oneself out as/to be 自称为

give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽

give(hand)over转交,移交

give place to 让位于,被~~所替代

give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生 give up 放弃,辞去,停止

give a concert 开音乐会

give a description of… 描述…… give / make a speech 演讲,讲话

give a talk 演讲,做报告

give birth to 生婴儿,生产,造成 give close attention to 密切关注

give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer(夏天时)遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助

give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人 give sb.to understand 通知某人,使明白

give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告

give way to 让步,退却;屈服于

given that...假定,给定,已知(22)go短语 go abroad 出国

go about 四处走走,开始做,着手干,(谣言等)流传 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反,违背,反对,不利于 go across 度过,越过

go ahead 说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面,前进,进展 go after 追逐,追求,跟随

go / walk around 四处走走 go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴 go along 前进,进行下去 go away 走开,离去 go around 走来走去,四处走动 go back 回去 go beyond 超越

go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去

go down to 延续到,继续到

go down 下来,落下,倒下,垮台,(风等)平静,沉没 go down on one’s knees 跪下

go for 为……去,努力获取,主张,适用于,去(取,拿)go for sb 对某人也一样 go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽

go in for 参加,喜欢,赞成,从事,为...而努力

go into 详细调查,进入,参加,从事

go into details 细说 go off 走开,离去,(闹钟)闹响,爆炸 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去

go off the air 停止广播(比较:go on the air 开始广播)go on 发生,进行,继续

go on with...继续做,忍受

go out 熄灭,出去,外出,离开,下台,退休

go over 复习,过一遍,仔细检查,审阅,越过 go round 拜访,绕道走,绕...运行

go past 从……的旁边过去

go up 上升,上涨,增长,攀登 go with…与……相配,和...一道走,同意

go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付 go straight along 沿着……一直往前走

go through 通过,浏览,仔细检查,审查,履行,忍受

go through with 完成 go up 上升,上涨,攀登 go with 与...相配,和...一道走,同意

have a go 企图,试图

want a go 试一试

8(23)have短语 have a break 休息一下

have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来

have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 [比较:have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话 have a talk with sb(about sth)(就某事)与某人进行交流 have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句,跟某人说句话] have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够

have a hit 风靡一时 have an eye for 有眼力,有眼光 have(got)a pain(in the…)(身体某部位)痛 have to = have got to 不得不,必须

have mercy on… 宽恕……,对……仁慈,对……表示怜悯 have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物(24)hold短语

hold back 退缩,踌躇,阻挡,控制住,隐瞒 hold to / by 坚持,固守

hold down 压制,压低,缩减

hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

hold one’s breath 屏息,不出气 hold on 等一等,不要挂电话 hold on to 抓住,保住

hold out 伸出,坚持下去,维持,提出,支持,主张 hold up 阻挡,使停顿,举起,拿起,阻滞

hold with 和...意见一致,赞成hold together 连在一起,团结一致(25)keep短语

keep at 坚持,不停地做

keep away from 避开,别靠近keep company with...和...结交

keep back 隐瞒,忍住,阻止……向前,留下,扣留

keep dark 保守秘密

keep down 控制,缩减 keep in 闭门不出

keep off 勿踏,勿踩

keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物

keep on 继续进行

keep out 不得入内 keep…out 把……挡住,把……留在外面 keep out of … 不进入…

keep pace with...跟上,同...步调一致 keep time按时,(钟表)走得准 keep to 坚持,固守,遵守

keep up 继续,保持,坚持,使(情绪等)不低落

keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上,赶上,与...并肩前进 keep a date 赴约

keep an eye on 注视,留心,注意,照顾(keep an eye out for 注视,留心,注意)

keep one’s appointment 守约 keep silent over … 对……保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌

keep watch 保持警戒,站岗,守望,值班,注意 in good /high(bad/low)keep 保存得好(坏)(26)knock短语

knock at /on 敲打(门、窗等)knock down 把……撞倒,击倒

knock into 撞到,撞上某人,偶然碰见

knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人

knock over 撞翻,撞倒(27)lay短语

lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏 lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲

lay off(暂时)解雇,放弃,停止 lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏(28)leave短语

give leave 准假

leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone 听任,任其自然

leave...as it is.听其自然 leave behind 留下,忘记携带

leave out 省去,遗漏,不把...计算在内 leave off 停止,戒除

leave office 离职,下台

leave over 留下,剩下,延期

leave room for 为...让出地方

leave sth, to / with sb把...交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth.把...交给/留给某人 on leave 休假,请假(29)look短语

look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于

look about 四下环顾;查看

look ahead 向前看,展望未来 look(admire)at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾,照料,照看

look around / about 四处看看,四下环顾 look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去

look back on/upon… 回顾……,回忆……

look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找,期望 look in 来访,参观,看望

look into… 往……里面看,浏览,调查,研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着

look on/upon 旁观,面向,观望 look on / upon...as...把...看作 look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕 look one's age 和年龄相称

look out for 警惕,留心,找出来,寻找 look over… 翻阅,(仔细)检查,从上面看过去

look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习look to 面向,注意 look up 仰视,往上看,(在字典或参考书中)查阅,查寻,涨价

look up to sb 敬仰,仰望,尊敬(look down on / upon sb 瞧不起,鄙视,轻视)

look / be worried 看上去/感到担心(30)make短语

make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)

[be made in 在……生产/制造 be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成] make out 理解,看清楚

make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成 make up for 弥补,补充,补偿 made up one’s mind 下决心

make advantages/use of 使用,利用 make after 追求,追赶 make a beeline for走直路,走进路,朝...径直走去 make a choice 做出选择

make a commitment 承诺,保证

make a comment / comments(on / upon…)(对……)发表评论 make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人(比较:make fool of … 愚弄)make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺 make a will 立下遗嘱

make(a)suggestion(on …)提出(关于……)的建议 make a telephone call 打电话

make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行 make conversation 交谈

make eyes at...抛眉眼,以目示意

make for 去向,向~~前进;有利于

make towards 向...前进

make fun of… 取笑,嘲笑,和……开玩笑 make it(事业上)获得成功 make into 把~~制成,使~~转变为

make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑,以某人为笑柄 make mistake about… 犯了……错误

make much of 重视;理解;赏识 make one’s way to… 往……走去 make one's mind on sth.决定某事 make one's own 当作自己的看待 make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认

make progress(in …)(在……方面)取得进步 make sense 有意义,有道理,讲得通 make sense of… 弄懂……的意思

make sth to(one’s own)measure(按自己的尺寸)定做 make sure 确保,确认,查明

make the adjustment to… 适应…… make the / one’s bed 整理床铺

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占...比例,讲和 make way for 为~~让路,让路于

make up to 接近,巴结;向~~求爱

on the make 急求成功;增加,损人利己追求名利(31)meet短语

meet the case 适合,令人满意

meet the need/demand/requirement of满足...需要 meet with 偶然碰见,遭受

meet...by chance/accident偶然碰见 make both ends meet 使收支相抵(32)open短语

be open to 对...开放,易于接受,经不起(诱惑)

open A for B 为B展开/打开A open to 朝...开,朝向,通向

open up开发,开创,开辟,开垦,吐露真情,打开,展现 with open eyes 睁着眼睛,留神地,吃惊地 with open arms 张开双臂,热诚(欢迎)(33)owe短语

owe...to...把...归功于,把...归因于

owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于

owe it to...that...归功于,幸亏 owe sb.sth.(=owe sth.to sb.)欠某人...(34)pass短语 pass away 去世,(时间)过去 pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去 pass into 变成,化为

pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传,一代一代传下去 pass on(to sb)转交给(某人),传给(某人)pass on/upon 传递,通过

pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来 pass out 失去知觉,昏厥

pass out of one's mind 被人忘掉 pass over 忽视,置之不理 pass through 穿过,越过

pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上(35)pay短语

pay back 偿还(借款),报答,报复 pay for 付款,付费,付代价 pay off 还清(欠款)(36)pick短语

pick and choose 仔细挑选,挑挑拣拣 pick off 摘下,逐个地射死

pick on 挑选,挑剔,惹恼

pick one's way/steps 小心地走路,择路而行 pick one's words精选用词 pick out 挑选,认出 pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)

pick up with...结识,与...交朋友(37)pull短语

pull/make/wear a long face 拉长脸,不高兴 pull about 把...拖来拖去,虐待 pull away 拖出,离开

pull apart 拉开,扯断,严加批评

pull down 拉下,拉倒,推翻,拆毁,使(价格)下降,使体质减弱,赚取 pull in(车船)抵达, 节省(费用), 缩减(开支)pull off 脱(衣,冒),完成,获得成功 pull on 穿,戴,继续拉

pull out 驶出,拔出,离开

pull one's leg 取笑,开玩笑,逗乐

pull through 克服困难,使……脱离危险(渡过难关;恢复健康)pull sth.to pieces 把...拆散 pull up 拔起,阻止,使停下 pull up with/to 追上,赶上

pull(the)wires/strings 幕后操纵,走后门(38)push短语 at one push 一口气

bring to the push 使陷绝境 push against 推,推撞

push forward/along 把...腿向前,继续进行 push aside/away 推开,排除 push back 退回,推回 push down 向下推

push in 推进,向岸靠拢 push off 起程,离开 push on 奋力向前,推进

push one's way挤过去,奋力向前 push out 推出,长出 push over 推倒

push through 促成,完成,穿过,挤过 push up 向上推(39)put短语

put an end to 结束,终止,废除

put aside 把~~放在一边;搁置;排除,储藏

put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来 put back 把~~放回原处;拨回

put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落 put faith in 相信,信任

put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡 put in 驶入,进入

put...(down)in writing 把...写下来

put ~~ into 把~~放入;插入;翻译成 put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下 put on(戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐 put on a performance 演出

put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造 put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过 put to(good)use(充分)利用

put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列 put up with 忍受,容忍(40)refer短语

refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅

be referred to 和...有关,归功于,被提交...处理 refer oneself to...依赖,求助于 refer to...as...把...称做,认为...是...(41)ring短语

ring off 挂断电话

ring the bell 敲钟,摇铃 ring up 打电话给...ring back回电话(42)see短语

see after 照料,照顾

see into 识透,调查 see out 送某人到门口/屋外

see off 送行 see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底 see to 照顾,处理,注意

see to it that照料,努力使;保证,注意

seeing that...因为,鉴于,既然= owing to as far as I see/know 据我所知(43)sell短语

sell off 廉价出清(存货)sell out 卖完,背叛= be sold out sell up 变卖,拍卖 sell well 畅销,好卖 sell by retail 零售~by whole-sale 批发(44)send短语

send away 让走开,解雇,赶走,把...送往远处 send down 把...向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)send for 派人去叫/请/拿 send in 寄送某处进行处理

send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别 send out 派遣,发出(信号、通知等),长出(树叶等)send up 发射,射出,往上送,使上升 send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉

send signals by … 通过……发送信号 send word 通知,转告,捎信(45)set短语

set about(doing)sth 着手,开始

set aside 留出,搁/放在一边,取消,放弃,忽视,拒绝 set back 把(钟表)往回拨 set down 放下,登记,记载 set down to 归于,认为是由于 set forward 把(钟表)拨快,出发

set off 出发,起程,引起爆炸,激起,引起,拨出(钱等)set one's hand to 着手做,从事

set one's heart / mind on/upon专心于,渴望,一心想做 set out vi.出发 vt.布置,发表 set out(for…)出发往(……),动身去(……)set out to do 开始做,着手做

set /give a(good)example to… 为……树立(好)榜样 set sail for 起航去……

set sail from 从……起航

set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样(46)shut短语

shut down(=close down)关闭,倒闭,停工,歇业 shut in 关进去,禁闭,使中止,压制 shut off 关掉,切断

shut one's eyes/ears to...拒绝去看/听 shut one's heart to...对...不动心 shut one's mind to...死不答应 shut one's teeth 要紧牙关

shut out 关在外面,排除(可能性)shut up 闭嘴,关闭,密封(47)stick短语

stick in the mud 陷入泥中,墨守成规 stick...into...把...插入...中 stick out 突出,伸出,显眼 stick to 坚持,忠于,粘到...上(48)suit短语

be suited for doing(=be suited to do)配(做),适于 be suited to / for...适合于

suit all tastes 人人合口味,人人中意 suit oneself 随自己意愿

suit the action to the word 使言行一致 suit...to...使适合于,使适应

suit with...与...相称(49)stand短语

stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人 stand up 起立,站起来 stand out 突出,显眼

stand for 代表,表示,象征,容忍,支持/拥护,为……的候选人 stand still = stay still 站着不动(50)take短语 be taken aback 吃惊

take after 与某人相像,仿效 take along 带领,携带 take aim 瞄准,设立目标

take … apart = separate …把……分开 take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去 take away from… 从……带/拿走 take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消

take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒 take for… 当作……,误以为是……

take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿 take into 驶入,信任

take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销

take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任

take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)take over 继承,接管,接替

take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)take a bank loan 向银行贷款 take a bath 洗澡

take a chance / chances 碰运气,冒险

take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度 take a few deep breaths 深呼吸

take / have a degree in … 取得……学位 take cold 感冒,受寒

take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育

take … by surprise 对……突然袭击,出乎……意料 take care 小心, 注意

take care of 照顾,照看,当心,注意,谨慎,处理

take care to do 务必做,留心做 take charge of 负责,主管 take effect 生效,奏效 take exercise 运动,活动

take … for example 以……为例

take … for granted

认为是理所当然的 take fire 着火

take / get / catch hold of 握住,抓住 take office就职,上任

take one's place就坐,入坐,代替 take part with 袒护,支持

take sb in the arms 拥抱,搂抱 take sb.by the arm 拉某人的胳膊 take sb seriously 看重某人

take the shape of 呈/取....的形状 take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于,忍受,对...发生兴趣

take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人(比较:sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏)(51)think短语

think about 思考,考虑(是否去做)think aloud 自言自语 think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法

think of...as...把...看作

think out 仔细考虑,想出

think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通 think up 提出,想出,设计出,想通,想起 think twice 再三考虑,仔细考虑

think to oneself 沉思,暗自想

think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise fo对……高度评价(52)tear短语

tear at撕,强拉 tear away 撕掉,扯开,磨损 tear A away from B 从B夺走A tear down 拆毁,扯下,使瓦解,破坏(名誉)tear in/to/into pieces 把...撕碎 tear in two..把...撕成两半

tear off 扯去,扯开 tear out 撕下,拉下 tear up撕掉,撕毁(53)throw短语

throw about乱丢,乱花(钱)

throw at 把...投向

throw away 抛弃,浪费,拒绝,错失(机会)throw back 扔回,拒绝,反驳,(光线)反射 throw cold water on sb.对...泼冷水,使气馁 throw doubt on/upon 对...怀疑

throw down 推翻,拆毁,仍下,拒绝 throw down one's tools 罢工 throw in 插话,(免费)附送 throw into 使...陷入某种状态 throw off 摆脱,匆匆脱掉,设法除去

throw oneself into 投身于,积极从事 throw out 扔出,干扰,否决 throw up呕吐,放弃,举起,批评,匆匆建造 throw up one's arms 举起双手,投降

第四篇:“精心制作”2018江苏高考常用动词短语汇总

2018江苏高考常用动词短语汇总

A

注:带下划线的短语为高频考点

act as 担任……职务,起……作用

act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事)

act out 表演(对话、故事等)

act up 捣乱,出毛病

B blow about 吹散

blow away 吹走

blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭

blow out吹灭,走气

blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气

give sb.a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击

break away 摆脱,脱离

break away from … 脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破

break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃

break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服

break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成 break(sth)off(使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝

break out(战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚

break open 破开,撬开

break short 中断,折断

break out in tears 突然大哭 break the rule(law)违反规定 break one’s promise 失言

break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去

break up vt.分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束

bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使

bring along 把……带来,领来

bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆

bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒

bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring down / up(the price)降价/提价

bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出

bring forward 提出

bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收

bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行

bring into operation 使运转,将...投入bring into(full)play 发挥,调动,利用

bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸

bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点)

bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出

bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走

bring to 使苏醒

bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用

bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期

bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……

bring to light 出现,公布,暴露

bring to mind 使想起,回忆起

bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现 burst in 闯进,突然出现

burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出

burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑

burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊

burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑

C call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开

call at(sp)访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在 call back 回电话

call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取

call / shout for help 呼救

call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入

call off 取消,下令停止

call on / upon 号召

call on(sb)拜访(某人),访问(某人)

call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起

call sb…for short 简称某人……

call sb names 谩骂某人

call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集 call to mind 使想起,回忆起

call at sp.访问(某地)

pay a call on sb.拜访(某人)

carry about 随身携带

carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry...into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成carry off 带走叼走,夺去...的生命,获得(奖品)

carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成

check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆

check off 检验,清点

check on 检查,调查

check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆 check up 核对,检查,检验

check with 商议,符合,核对无误

clear away 扫除,消除

clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停

clear out 清除,扫出

clear through 通过(检查,批准)clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除

make it clear that...使人明白

come about 发生,产生,(风,帆)改变方向

come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付

come along 一道来,随同,进展,出现

come at … 向……袭击,达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击

come back 回来,想起来,复原

come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒

come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处

come for… 来拿,来取

come from… 来自,出生于,起源于

come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次

come into being 形成,产生,出现

come into operation开始运转,实施,生效

come into possession of占有,拥有

come into the possession of被...占有,被...拥有

come off 脱落,从……离开

come on 过来,加油,赶快,上演;开始;登台;(问题)被提出

come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点

come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发现

come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露

come over 访问,越过

come over to… 过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方

come round / around(非正式)来访,串门,绕道

come off(头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开

come to … 来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒,达到;归结于,渐渐(to do sth =get to do sth.)

come to a decision 作出决定

come to an end 结束,终止

come to know 逐渐地知道

come to life(变得)活泼,苏醒过来,栩栩如生

come to light 显露,为人所知,明朗化

come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉

come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿

come to / into power 当权,上台

come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受

come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实

come up 被提出,上来,(风浪)猛烈起来,抬头,走近;上楼;长出,发芽,流行起来

come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上

come upon(偶然)遇见,突然发生

cut away 切除,剪去,砍掉,逃走 cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短 cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入 cut in line 插队 cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉 cut sth.open 切开,切伤 cut out 删除,剪下来,切下 cut sth.short 缩减,截短 cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿 cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭

F fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默

fall back撤退,后退

fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败

fall in love with...爱上(某人)

fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐

fall into a habit of 养成...习惯

fall off 掉下,衰退,减少

fall over 摔倒,落在...上,(头发)披在肩上

fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解

fall into ruins 成为废墟

fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空

G get at 意指,本意是,发现,了解;掌握;攻击 get about 四处走动,活动,徘徊,旅行;流传

get above oneself 自视高傲

get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解

get ahead of 胜过,超过

get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处

get around 走动,传播,影响,说服 get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假

get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复

get behind 落后;识破

get close to 接近

get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来

get down on one’s knees 跪下

get down to(doing)sth 认真对待,静下心来开始(做)某事

get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉

get in a word 插话

get into 进入,陷入,养成 get sb into… 使某人陷入

get it 接(电话),应(门),理解,懂得

get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身

get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处

get on / along with… 进展,与……相处

get on/upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功

get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯

get on one’s feet(艰难地)站立起来

get out vi.摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开

get out of 逃避,避免,由~~出来,从~~得出,退休

get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排

get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达

get to 到达,抵达

get to sleep 入睡,设法睡着

get / gain / take possession of 占有,拥有,占领

get ready for 为……做准备

get rid of 除掉,去掉

get sb to do 让某人做 get the idea for… 想到……的主意

get the message across 传播信息

get together 相聚,碰头,联欢,积聚,商谈,取得一致意见

get / be engaged(to sb)(与某人)订婚

give about 分配;传播

give and take 相互迁就,互让

give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发

give back 归还,送回 give back 归还,反射

give cause 给予~~的理由

give ear to 侧耳倾听

give forth 发出,放出;发表

give in 投降,让步,屈服

give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

give off 释放,发出,放出(烟、光、热、气味等)

give oneself out as/to be 自称为 give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用 完,用完,耗尽 give(hand)over转交,移交

give place to 让位于,被~~所替代

give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生

give up 放弃,辞去,停止

give a concert 开音乐会

give a description of… 描述……

give / make a speech 演讲,讲话

give a talk 演讲,做报告

give birth/rise to 生婴儿,生产,造成 give close attention to 密切关注

give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer(夏天时)遮阳

give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助

give sb a second look 再看某人一眼

give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人 give sb.to understand 通知某人,使明白

give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告 give way to 让步,退却;屈服于

given that...假定,给定,已知

go about 四处走走,开始做,着手干,(谣言等)流传

go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访

go against 违反,违背,反对,不利于

go across 度过,越过

go ahead 说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面,前进,进展

go after 追逐,追求,跟随

go / walk around 四处走走

go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴

go along 前进,进行下去

go away 走开,离去

go around 走来走去,四处走动 go back 回去

go beyond 超越

go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去

go down to 延续到,继续到

go down 下来,落下,倒下,垮台,(风等)平静,沉没

go down on one’s knees 跪下

go for 为……去,努力获取,主张,适用于,去(取,拿)go for sb 对某人也一样

go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽

go in for 参加,喜欢,赞成,从事,为...而努力

go into 详细调查,进入,参加,从事

go into details 细说 go off 走开,离去,(闹钟)闹响,爆炸

go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去

go off the air 停止广播(比较:go on the air 开始广播)go on 发生,进行,继续

go on with...继续做,忍受

go out 熄灭,出去,外出,离开,下台,退休

go over 复习,过一遍,仔细检查,审阅,越过

go round 拜访,绕道走,绕...运行

go past 从……的旁边过去

go up 上升,上涨,增长,攀登

go with…与……相配,和...一道走,同意

go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付

go straight along 沿着……一直往前走

go through 通过,浏览,仔细检查,审查,履行,忍受

go through with 完成 go up 上升,上涨,攀登

go with 与...相配,和...一道走,同意

have a go 企图,试图

want a go 试一试

H

hold back 退缩,踌躇,阻挡,控制住,隐瞒

hold to / by 坚持,固守

hold down 压制,压低,缩减

hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

hold one’s breath 屏息,不出气

hold on 等一等,不要挂电

hold on to 抓住,保住

hold out 伸出,坚持下去,维持,提出,支持,主张

hold up 阻挡,使停顿,举起,拿起,阻滞

hold with 和...意见一致,赞成 hold together 连在一起,团结一致

L

lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏

lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲 lay off(暂时)解雇,放弃,停止

lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏

give leave 准假

leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone 听任,任其自然

leave...as it is.听其自然

leave behind 留下,忘记携带

leave out 省去,遗漏,不把...计算在内

leave off 停止,脱去,戒除

leave office 离职,下台

leave over 留下,剩下,延期

leave room for 为...让出地方

leave sth, to / with sb把...交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth.把...交给/留给某人

on leave 休假,请假

look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于

look about 四下环顾;查看

look ahead 向前看,展望未来

look(admire)at oneself in the mirror 照镜子

look after 照顾,照料,照看

look around / about 四处看看,四下环顾

look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去

look back on/upon… 回顾……,回忆……

look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事

look for 寻找,期望

look in 来访,参观,看望

look into… 往……里面看,浏览,调查,研究

look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着

look on/upon 旁观,面向,观望

look on / upon...as...把...看作

look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕

look one's age 和年龄相称 look /watch out for 警惕,留心,找出来,寻找

look over… 翻阅,(仔细)检查,从上面看过去

look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习

look to 面向,注意 look up 仰视,往上看,(在字典或参考书中)查阅,查寻,涨价

look up to sb 敬仰,仰望,尊敬(look down on / upon sb 瞧不起,鄙视,轻视)look / be worried 看上去/感到担心

M

make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)

[be made in 在……生产/制造

be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)

made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)be made up/composed of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]

make out 理解,看清楚

make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成make up for 弥补,补充,补偿

made up one’s mind 下决心 make advantages/use of 使用,利用

make after 追求,追赶

make a beeline for走直路,走进路,朝...径直走去

make a choice 做出选择

make a commitment 承诺,保证

make a comment / comments(on / upon…)(对……)发表评论

make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人(比较:make fool of … 愚弄)

make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要

make a promise 承诺

make a will 立下遗嘱

make(a)suggestion(on …)提出(关于……)的建议

make a telephone call 打电话

make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行

make conversation 交谈 make eyes at...抛眉眼,以目示意

make for 去向,向~~前进;有利于

make towards 向...前进

make fun of… 取笑,嘲笑,和……开玩笑

make it(事业上)获得成功 make into 把~~制成,使~~转变为

make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑,以某人为笑柄

make mistake about… 犯了……错误

make much of 重视;理解;赏识

make one’s way to… 往……走去

make one's mind on sth.决定某事

make one's own 当作自己的看待

make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认

make progress(in …)(在……方面)取得进步

make sense 有意义,有道理,讲得通

make sense of… 弄懂……的意思

make sth to(one’s own)measure(按自己的尺寸)定做

make sure 确保,确认,查明

make the adjustment to… 适应……

make the / one’s bed 整理床铺 make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占...比例,讲和

make way for

为~~让路,让路于

make up to

接近,巴结;向~~求爱

on the make 急求成功;增加,损人利己追求名利

P pass away 去世,(时间)过去

pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去

pass into 变成,化为

pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传,一代一代传下去

pass on(to sb)转交给(某人),传给(某人)

pass on/upon 传递,通过

pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来

pass out 失去知觉,昏厥

pass out of one's mind 被人忘掉

pass over 忽视,置之不理

pass through 穿过,越过

pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上

pay back 偿还(借款),报答,报复

pay for 付款,付费,付代价

pay off 还清(欠款)得到回报 pick and choose 仔细挑选,挑挑拣拣

pick off 摘下,逐个地射死

pick on 挑选,挑剔,惹恼

pick one's way/steps 小心地走路,择路而行

pick one's words精选用词

pick out 挑选,认出

pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)

pick up with...结识,与...交朋友

pull about 把...拖来拖去,虐待

pull away 拖出,离开

pull apart 拉开,扯断,严加批评

pull down 拉下,拉倒,推翻,拆毁,使(价格)下降,使体质减弱,赚取

pull in(车船)抵达, 节省(费用), 缩减(开支)

pull off 脱(衣,冒),完成,获得成功 pull on 穿,戴,继续拉

pull out 驶出,拔出,离开

pull one's leg 取笑,开玩笑,逗乐

pull through 克服困难,使〃〃〃脱离危险(渡过难关;恢复健康)

pull sth.to pieces 把...拆散,撤碎

pull up 拔起,阻止,使停下

pull up with/to 追上,赶上

pull(the)wires/strings 在幕后操纵,走后门

push against 推,推撞 push forward/along 把...腿向前,继续进行

push aside/away 推开,排除

push back 退回,推回

push down 向下推

push in 推进,向岸靠拢

push off 起程,离开

push on 奋力向前,推进

push one's way挤过去,奋力向前

push out 推出,长出

push over 推倒 push through 促成,完成,穿过,挤过

push up 向上推

put an end to 结束,终止,废除

put aside 把~~放在一边;搁置;排除,储藏

put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来

put back

把~~放回原处;拨回

put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落

put faith in 相信,信任

put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡

put in 驶入,进入

put...(down)in writing 把...写下来

put ~~ into 把~~放入;插入;翻译成put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下

put on(戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐

put on a performance 演出

put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀 put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过

put to(good)use(充分)利用

put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列

put up with 忍受,容忍

put into 使进入,输入,投入

put/translate…into 把……译成put one’s heart into… 全神贯注于…

put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱 put …to use 使用……,运用……

put a date to sth 注明日期(比较:set / fix the date 确定日期

to date 到目前为止)

S see after 照料,照顾

see into 识透,调查

see out 送某人到门口/屋外

see off 送行

see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底

see to 照顾,处理,注意

see to it that照料,努力使;保证,注意

seeing that...因为,鉴于,既然= owing to as far as I see/know 据我所知

set about(doing)sth 着手,开始

set aside 留出,搁/放在一边,取消,放弃,忽视,拒绝

set back 把(钟表)往回拨

set down 放下,登记,记载

set down to 归于,认为是由于

set forward 把(钟表)拨快,出发

set off 出发,起程,引起爆炸,激起,引起,拨出(钱等)

set one's hand to 着手做,从事

set one's heart / mind on/upon专心于,渴望,一心想做

set out vi.出发 vt.布置,发表

set out(for…)出发往(……),动身去(……)

set out to do 开始做,着手做

set up 创立,设立,开办,竖起,支起,引起(疾 病等)

set /give a(good)example to… 为……树立(好)榜样

set sail for 起航去……

set sail from 从……起航

set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样

stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人

stand up 起立,站起来

stand out 突出,显眼

stand for 代表,表示,象征,容忍,支持/拥护,为……的候选人

stand still = stay still 站着不动

T take after 与某人相像,仿效

take along 带领,携带

take aim 瞄准,设立目标

take … apart = separate …把……分开

take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去

take away from… 从……带/拿走

take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消

take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒

take for… 当作……,误以为是……

take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿

take into 驶入,信任

take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销

take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任

take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)take over 继承,接管,接替

take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)

take a bank loan 向银行贷款

take a bath 洗澡

take a chance / chances 碰运气,冒险

take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度

take a few deep breaths 深呼吸

take / have a degree in … 取得……学位

take cold 感冒,受寒 take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育 take … by surprise 对……突然袭击,出乎……意料

take care 小心, 注意

take care of 照顾,照看,当心,注意,谨慎,处理

take care to do 务必做,留心做 take charge of 负责,主管

take effect 生效,奏效

take exercise 运动,活动 take … for example 以……为例

take fire 着火

take / get / catch hold of 握住,抓住

take office就职,上任

take one's place就坐,入坐,代替

take part with 袒护,支持

take sb in the arms 拥抱,搂抱

take sb.by the arm

拉某人的胳膊

take sb seriously 看重某人

take the shape of 呈/取....的形状

take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于,忍受,对...发生兴趣

take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人(比较:sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏)

take sth along with sb随身携带某物

take shelter 躲避

take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人

take steps / measures / action to do sth.采取措施做某事,采取(……的)行动

take the size of量....的尺寸

take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事

throw about乱丢,乱花(钱)

throw at 把...投向

throw away 抛弃,浪费,拒绝,错失(机会)

throw back 扔回,拒绝,反驳,(光线)反射

throw cold water on sb.对...泼冷水,使气馁

throw doubt on/upon 对...怀疑

throw down 推翻,拆毁,仍下,拒绝

throw down one's tools 罢工

throw in 插话,(免费)附送

throw into 使...陷入某种状态

throw off 摆脱,匆匆脱掉,设法除去

throw oneself into 投身于,积极从事

throw out 扔出,干扰,否决throw up呕吐,放弃,举起,批评,匆匆建造

throw up one's arms 举起双手,投降

turn against 转而反对,背叛,采取敌对态度

turn around / round 转身,转过来,改变意见

turn back

折回,往回走

turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向

turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑 turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想

turn in 交进,上缴,归还

turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于

turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)turn into 变成 turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进

turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达

turn out 结果是,生产,培养,实际情况是

turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是

turn to… 转向……,(for help)向……求助,查阅,变成;着手于

第五篇:2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识:第1讲动词的时态与语态

第1讲 动词的时态与语态

1.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江苏,27)A.was being followed

C.had been followed

答案 A 解析 句意为:他匆忙回家了,一次也没有回头看看他是否正被跟踪。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。

2.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏,31)A.hasn’t qualified

C.doesn’t qualify

答案 C 解析 句意为:他已被告知,因为他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词,表示“有资格,有权利”,此处并不表示延续性的动作,而是说明“他没有资格”这一实际情况,因此用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t qualify。3.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京,24)A.Did you call

C.Will you call

答案 A 解析 句意为:——昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗?——打

B.Have you called D.Were you calling B.hadn’t qualified D.wasn’t qualifying B.was following D.followed 过了,他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知,句子用一般过去时。D项是过去进行时,与语境不符。

4.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京,29)A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented 答案 D 解析 句意为:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话,那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情,又由yet可知,要用完成时,故空格处用过去完成时;又因phones与invent之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。综合可知,选D项。

5.People ________ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京,33)A.will have

C.had

答案 B 解析 句意为:人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务,因此人们更长寿了。句子说的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时,选B项。have access to有权使用,有机会接近。

6.I_______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017·天津,8)A.was driving

C.would drive

答案 A 解析 句意为:我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式,表示“正在做„„这时„„”。

7.More efforts,as reported,________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏,22)A.are made

C.are being made

B.will be made D.have been made B.have driven D.drove B.have D.had had 答案 B 解析 句意为:据报道,为加快供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,此处要用一般将来时,再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。

8.Dashan,who ________ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江苏,29)A.will be learning

C.had been learning

答案 D 解析 句意为:大山已经学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式——数十年了,他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作,故此处要用现在完成进行时。9.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京,21)A.works

C.was working

答案 C 解析 句意为:杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing...when...(某人)正在做某事,这时„„,是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻,故用过去进行时,选C。

10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京,30)A.rewarded

C.will reward

答案 D 解析 句意为:学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知,reward这一动作发生在have been working之后,故用将来时态;efforts和reward之间为被动关系,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。

11.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ____ for years.(2016·天津,3)A.didn’t see

C.hadn’t seen

B.haven’t seen D.wouldn’t see B.were rewarded D.will be rewarded B.has worked D.would work B.is learning D.has been learning 答案 C 解析 句意为:沿街走路时,我偶然遇到了戴维,我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前,且for years是完成时的标志,所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。

12.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016·北京,23)A.waited

C.would be waiting

答案 D 解析 句意为:——请问,你们在等哪场电影?——新的《星球大战》,我们在这儿已经等了两个多小时了。由句中时间状语“for more than two hours”可知,动作从过去延续到现在,并对现在产生了直接影响,且动作还可能继续,故用现在完成进行时。故选D。

13.I ________ half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京,25)A.read

C.am reading

答案 B 解析 句意为:我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了,我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作,并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响,故用现在完成时。14.The real reason why prices ________,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏,30)A.were

C.have been

答案 A 解析 句意为:物价过去很高,现在依然居高不下,其真正原因是复杂的,不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断,前面是指物价过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故选A项。

15.—Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京,30)A.will call

C.call

B.have called D.will be calling B.will be D.had been B.have read D.will read B.wait

D.have been waiting 答案 A 解析 句意为:——Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。——好的。过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时,故选A。

16.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津,6)A.will teach

C.has taught

答案 D 解析 句意为:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为那时她将在授课。时间状语at that time指的是前面的at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来进行时。17.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement________ so far by the two sides.(2015·天津,9)A.has been reached

C.will reach

答案 A 解析 句意为:尽管之前进行了多轮会谈,但到目前为止双方还没达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时,主语agreement与动词reach之间为被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动形式。

18.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.(2015·浙江,8)A.has been

C.was going to be

答案 C 解析 句意为:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦生于1879年。孩提时,很少有人会猜想到他能成为其理论会改变世界的著名科学家。由语境可知,此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜想的,表示“从过去看将来会发生的事情”,要用过去将来时态,用would/should do,was/were to do或者was/were going to do表示,故C项正确。

19.That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you ________,who’s to say that another person will?(2015·湖南,35)A.didn’t

B.don’t B.had been D.was B.was reached D.will have reached B.would teach D.will be teaching C.weren’t

答案 B

D.haven’t 解析 句意为:那就是为什么我要帮助人们使他们天天心情愉快。如果你不那样做的话,谁能说另一个人会那样做呢?本句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

20.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015·福建,26)A.was chosen

C.would choose

答案 A 解析 句意为:令我高兴的是,在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先,句子主语I和choose是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;其次,本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述,所以用一般过去时。

B.was being chosen D.had chosen

一、几种易混的动词时态的比较 1.一般过去时和现在完成时的比较

(1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作时,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果;而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.她打扫了房间。现在非常干净。

此句中的has cleaned就不能改为cleaned,因为clean这一动作的结果仍与现状有关。(2)汉语中的“了”“过”“曾”等词常用完成时来表达,I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了。

但是如果是在过去的特定时间“看了”或“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去时来表达。

—When did you see that film? —I saw it yesterday.——你什么时候看了那部电影? ——我昨天看的。

2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较

现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作,或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性,还可表示动作的重复。

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年里至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。—Hi,Tracy,you look tired.—I am tired.I have been painting the living room all day.——嗨,特雷西,你看起来很累。——我累了。我一整天都在粉刷客厅。3.现在进行时和过去进行时的比较

现在进行时描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,两者选取的时间参考点不同。—Hey,look where you are going!

—Oh,I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.——嘿,看你往哪儿走的!——哦,真对不起。我没注意到。

由语境可知,第一句描述正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时;答话者在对方提醒下才注意到自己的过失,也就是之前一直没有注意到,故用过去进行时。4.一般过去时和过去进行时的比较

一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况,是一个已经完成了的、只做一次的动作;过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,是一个尚未完成的动作,可以表示过去反复做的动作。

He was writing a book about China last year,but I don’t know if he has finished it.他去年在写一本关于中国的书,但我不知道他是否已经完成了。

从“I don’t know if he has finished it”可推断,他去年一直在写,所以用过去进行时。Tom slipped into the house when no one was noticing.没人注意时,汤姆溜进了屋子。

slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing指他溜进去的一刹那正在发生的情况(没有人注意)。

二、破除思维定式解决时态题

思维定式一:“for+一段时间”总是与现在完成时连用

“for+一段时间”用在句子中,只表示动作持续了一段时间,这个动作可能已经结束,也可能在将来某个时间发生,还可表示持续到现在为止。所以“for+一段时间”并不总是与现在完成时连用。

—Haven’t seen you for ages!Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.——好久没见到你了,你去哪儿了?

——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教书。

由对话可知,went和stayed是两个发生在过去的动作,并没有持续到现在,故stay要用一般过去时。

思维定式二:“平行结构”中的时态要一致

平行结构往往表示两个或多个发生在同一时间段内的动作,因此动作常常衔接而来,时态要尽量一致(特殊情况除外)。如:

Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected.手写所有的邀请函比我们预计的更费时。(“预计”这一动作发生在手写邀请函之前,而手写邀请函是一个过去的事实,故“预计”这个动作要用过去完成时态。)思维定式三:过去的时间状语要与过去的各种时态连用

I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.那天我本来打算晚些时候去拜访你的,但是我不得不打电话取消了。

根据句意可知,在过去的时间点说将来,如果谓语动词是come,go,leave...,则常用过去进行时表将来。

思维定式四:句子中出现look,hear用现在进行时

句子中出现look,hear以提醒别人注意时,往往这一动作正在进行,但也有例外: —Look!Somebody has cleaned the sofa.—Well,it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.——看!有人已经把沙发整理干净了。——哦,那不是我。我没有做。

从答语可以看出事件已经完成了,故前面一句着重谈对现在的影响,故用现在完成时态。

1.—Hi,Jenny,how are you getting on with your packing? —I ________ what to take with me.(2017·南京、盐城一模,27)A.will have decided

C.am deciding

答案 C 解析 句意为:——嗨,珍妮,你的行李收拾得怎么样啦?——我正在决定要带什么呢。根据语境可知,两人之间的对话为现在发生的事情,而珍妮正在决定要带什么行李。结合句意可知本题的时态为现在进行时,故选C项。2.—Didn’t you talk any with Rice? —No,the plane ________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.(2017·南京九中模拟,31)A.was taking

C.took

答案 B 解析 句意为:——你没有和Rice说什么吗?——没有,我赶到机场送她的时候飞机已经起飞了。take off这一动作发生在rush这一动作之前,rush用的过去时,所以take off要用过去的过去,即过去完成时。故选B项。3.—Have you got the washing machine fixed? —I paid a lot of money,but still it ________ to work.(2017·南京学情调研,25)A.fails

C.has failed

答案 A 解析 句意为:——你的洗衣机修好了吗?——我付了很多钱,但是洗衣机仍然无法运转。根据语境可知,洗衣机仍然无法运转为发生在现在的事情,故本题的时态为一般现在时,答案选A。

4.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,26)A.will get

C.got

B.get D.have got B.is failing D.had failed B.had taken D.has taken B.would decide D.had decided 答案 C 解析 句意为:我们学校的校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心。根据语境可知,毕业是在将来,而入学是在过去,应用一般过去时,故选C项。

5.I hope when you come tomorrow,you ________ the reading and have something to share.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,34)A.did

C.will be doing

答案 D 解析 句意为:我希望当你们明天来的时候,你们已经阅读完了,并且有东西分享。根据语境可知,此处在谈论将来的事情,应用将来的时态,排除A、B两项;根据have something to share可知,已经读完才有东西可分享,应用将来完成时,故选D项。

6.When someone ________,it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.(2017·镇江一模,22)A.thanks

C.was thanked

答案 B 解析 句意为:当有人被感谢的时候,他或她再次助人的可能性将增加一倍。根据being helpful可知,一个人在助人为乐后得到感谢会再帮助别人,“得到感谢”应用被动语态,排除A、D两项;根据主句的一般将来时可知,从句应用一般现在时表将来,故选B项。7.—It’s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops? —At the back.We ________ them by 7 pm this evening.(2017·镇江期末,29)A.are placing

C.will be placing

答案 D 解析 句意为:——这简直是一团糟。厨房桌子的桌面在哪里?——在后面。我们今晚七点前会将它们摆放好。根据时间状语by 7 pm this evening可知本题的时态为将来完成时,故选D。

8.I’m afraid the teacher will blame you for you’ve failed to do what you ________ to.(2017·南通如皋联考,5)A.will expect

B.will be expected B.have placed D.will have placed B.is thanked D.thanked B.are doing D.will have done C.expected

答案 D

D.were expected 解析 句意为:恐怕老师会因为你没能做到所期望的事而责备你。根据句意可知,你是被老师期望做某事,应用被动语态;根据you’ve failed可知,被期望的事发生在过去,应用一般过去式,故选D项。

9.When he ________ the bill in the restaurant,he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017·南通一调,29)A.paid

C.was to pay

答案 C 解析 句意为:当他在餐馆里要付钱的时候,他突然意识到他把钱包落在车里了。根据语境可知,他打算付钱,be to do可以表示即刻的将来,且能用在时间状语从句中。本题讲述的是过去的事情,应用was to do,表示过去打算做某事,故选C项。10.—Where is Gary? —He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact,he ________ for the test every day over the past week.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模,24)A.has reviewed

C.has been reviewing

答案 C 解析 句意为:——Gary在哪里?——他在图书馆为周三的德语考试学习呢。事实上在过去的一周他每天都在为考试复习。时间状语over the past week常和完成时态连用,根据语境可知,Gary过去一周一直在学习,即动作从过去开始,延续到现在,现在还在进行中,应用现在完成进行时,故选C项。

11.—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.—I’m glad we ________ them in the years ahead.(2017·苏北六市联考,30)A.will be operating

C.would be operating

答案 A 解析 句意为:——新机器已经到了,正在车间里被测试。——我很高兴在今后的几年里可以操作它们。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知,操作机器应发生在将来,故选A项。

B.have been operating D.had been operating B.was reviewing D.had been reviewing B.would be paying D.had paid 12.It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.(2017·苏州调研,25)A.commits

C.committed

答案 C 解析 句意为:情况几乎总是这样的:警察进行调查并且查看证据,而证据可能暗示是谁犯了罪。根据句意可知,谁犯了罪是发生在警察进行调查并且查看证据之前的事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence的一般现在时可知空处的时态为一般过去时,故选C项。13.Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards,people’s consumption patterns ________ in the last few years.(2017·苏北四市一调,21)A.changed

C.had changed

答案 D 解析 句意为:由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高,在过去的几年中人们的消费模式发生了变化。根据时间状语in the last few years可知,变化发生在过去的几年里,即从几年前到现在,符合现在完成时的使用语境,故选D项。14.—Guess what?I met Mark at the party.—If my memory serves me correctly,you two ________ each other for almost ten years.(2017·南通如皋联考,6)A.haven’t seen

C.didn’t see

答案 B 解析 句意为:——你猜怎么着?我在聚会上遇到了Mark。——如果我没记错的话,你们俩差不多10年没见面了。两人差不多10年没见面是发生在I met Mark at the party之前的事,也就是发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故选B项。15.—Why are you so upset,Mary? —My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2017·南通一模,22)A.always finds

C.has always found 答案 B

B.is always finding D.always found B.hadn’t seen D.don’t see B.change D.have changed B.commit D.will commit 解析 句意为:——Mary,你为什么这么沮丧啊?——我老板总是挑我的毛病。他没有你想的那么友善。be always doing sth.总是做某事,带有感情色彩,或喜欢或讨厌,符合语境,故选B项。

16.—Go for a drink together? —Fine.I ________ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,31)A.wonder

C.was wondering

答案 C 解析 句意为:——一起去喝一杯?——好啊,我刚才正在想如何来度过今晚余下的时光呢。过去进行时可表示说话者在说这句话之前正在做的事情,还可以表示一种礼貌,符合交际用语的特点,故选C项。

17.New energy vehicle-sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China’s sharing economy in the next few years.(2017·连云港、徐州、宿迁三模,27)A.are to carry out B.are being carried out C.were carried out D.will have been carried out 答案 B 解析 句意为:为了在未来几年为我国的分享经济注入发展动力,新能源汽车共享项目正在多个城市展开。根据句意可知,项目现在正在被开展,故选B项。18.—I hope you’ll make good efforts while I’m away.—Be assured!You’ll be amazed at what ________ accomplished when you get back.(2016·南通三模,25)A.will have been

C.was

答案 A 解析 句意为:——我希望我不在的时候你能够好好努力。——请放心!当你回来的时候,你会对我完成的事情感到吃惊。本题中when you get back是用一般现在时表示将来,那么get back是发生在将来的动作,根据语境可知,当你回来的时候我已经完成了,故应用将来完成时。19.—Tom,you look worried.Anything I can do for you?

B.has been D.would be B.had wondered D.have wondered —I ________ if you could give me a three-day leave to look after my baby in hospital.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研,35)A.had wondered

C.would wonder

答案 B 解析 句意为:——汤姆,你看起来很担心,需要我为你做些什么吗?——我刚才正在想你能否给我三天假来照顾我住院的小孩。这是一个宾语从句,根据句意可知,我刚才正在考虑这件事,符合交际用语的特点,故B正确。

20.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center ________,for the National Games are to be held then.A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 答案 C 解析 句意为:到明年八月份你来参观我们镇的时候,一个现代化的体育中心将已经完工,因为全国运动会将在那时举行。根据时间状语next August可知construct应该在将来;另外到那个时候将举行全国运动会,体育中心应该已经完工,应用将来完成时的被动结构,故选C项。

B.was wondering D.have wondered

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