初二英语下册第一单元

第一篇：初二英语下册第一单元

Lesson 1what’s the matter?

一．重点句子。

1.What’s the matter/with you?

I have a stomachache/ cold / toothache / headache / sore back / sore throat 2.What’s the matter with him? He has a toothache

3.What’s the matter with her?She has a sore back.4.What’s the matter with them?They have a sore throat.二．重点短语。

1.have a fever 发烧3.have a toothache 牙疼5.drink enough water 喝足够的水7.have a stomachache 胃疼9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片15.put some medicine on sth.在„„上面敷药17.sound like 听起来像19.in the same way ♦ 以同样的方式21.go along 沿着„„走23.shout for help 大声呼救25.get off 下车27.to one’ s surprise 使.......[京讶的29.in time 及时31.get into trouble 造成麻烦33.because of 由于35.hurt oneself 受伤38.feel sick 感到恶心 三．重点句型。

1.What’ s the matter?什么事？怎么啦？ What’ s the matter with you?你怎么了？ = What’s the trouble with you?

= What’ s wrong with you?2.I have a sore throat.我喉咙痛。

havevt.患（得）病,（不用于进行时态）He had a bad cold last week.他上周患了重感冒。3.She often has a stomachache.她常胃（肚子）疼。

4.在英语中，表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构：(1)主语+have/has+病症

(2)主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位

2.have a cough 咳嗽4.talk too much 说得太多 6.have a cold 受凉;感冒 8.have a sore back 背疼

10.lie down and rest 躺下来休息 12.see a dentist 看牙医

14.take one’ s temperature 量体温16.feel very hot 感到很热 18.all weekend 整个周末 20.go to a doctor 看医生

22.on the side of the road 在马路边 24.without thinking twice 没有多想 26.have a heart problem 有心脏病 28.thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 30.save a life 挽救生命32.right away 立刻；马上34.get out of 离开;从„„出萍 37.fall down 摔倒

sore 是一个独立的形容词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。如：sore back, sore throat,sore back,sore neck.(3)主语+have/has+a+部位-ache

-ache作后缀，常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新词，表身体某部位疼痛，如：toothache , headache , stomachache.(4)(There is)something wrong with +one’s+部位

某人某部位不舒服/出了毛病。

5.2.What should she do?

她该怎么办呢？

Should I take my temperature?

我应该量一下体温吗？

主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形...（should情态动词“应该”，shouldn’t “不应该”, 其后接动词原形, 没有人称和数的变化, 用于提出建议。）

①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。

You should drink some hot water.你应该喝点热水。

② You shouldn’ t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。

She shouldn’t go to the party.她不应该去参加晚会。

※用来表示建议还可能用以下句型：

Let’s go to play soccer.我们去踢足球吧。

Why not go home together?

为什么不一起回家呢？(一起回家吧。)

How /What about watching TV?

看电视好吗？

6.I'm not feeling well.=I don't feel well.我觉得不舒服。

feel v.(自己)感觉到„„，(心情)觉得„„，＋形容词

I feel hungry/sick.我觉得饿(不舒服)。

The good words made her feel good.那些好话使她觉得心里很舒服。

I hope you feel better soon.我希望你能马上感觉好点。

better 是well的比较级。

7.Do you have a cold?

你感冒了吗？

cold在这里是名词，意为“感冒”。

患感冒：have a cold, catch(a)cold, get a cold.※cold还可用作形容词, 意为“冷的, 寒冷的”。

It's so cold today that I have a cold.今天太冷了, 我都感冒了。

※第一个cold是形容词，第二个cold是名词。

四.练习。

（一）单项选择题。

1.I hope _________________.A.you better soon.B.you to be better soon.C.you are better soon.D.you’ll be better soon.2.–I feel tired.--____________________.A.Why not go to bed?

B.You’d better go to bed.C.Why don’t you go to bed?

D.All above.3.– _______does he take this

medicine?

--Twice a day.A.How soonB.How long

C.How muchD.How often

4.There is _______with my back.A.wrong something

B.something wrong

C.wrong anything

D.anything wrong

5.If you ____this medicine threetimes a day;you ___ better soon.A.take;will get

B.will take;get

C.take;get

D.will take;will get

6.—What is wrong with you?

—My back is very______.A.soreB.hurtsC.hurtingD.pain

7.---__________________?

---I have a sore back.A.What’s the matter?

B.What’s wrong with you ?

C.Do you have a sore back?

D.either A or B

8.The nurse ____ his temperature and

found he had a bad fever.A.takeB.takesC.took

9.--What’s the matter ____ you, Lucy?

--Nothing much.A.onB withC.toD.of

10.Billy had a _____ fever, so he didn’t go to school today.A.tallB.bigC.highD.height

（二）填空

1.-How many f___ does a cat have?

-Four.2.-What’s the matter with you ?

-I have a s___ throat.3.The doctor give me a lot of a______.4.-I ’m s______ out.-You need a rest.（三）写作

1.根据提示给你的英语老师写一张请假条。

have a fever;doctor told me to stay in bed for two days;can’t go to school today;tomorrow;hope get well;very soon;thank you

2.Tom每天都不能按时上交老师留的作业, 请你至少给他写5条建议, 建议要合情合理。Tom can’t finish the homework on time.I think he should take the advice like:

He should „

第二篇：初二下册英语冀教版教案第一单元

Lesson 1: What’s the Weather Like?

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: rather, shower, rise, rose, risen, set Oral words and expressions: thunder, storm, sunrise, sunset Teaching Aims: Talking about weather Teaching Important Points: 1.Describe the weather in spring;2.Talk about the temperature.Teaching Difficult Points: Describe the nature phenomenon.Teaching preparation: the pictures of spring Teaching Aids: audiotape;flashcards;pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Free talk 1.What weather do you like? Why or why not? 2.What sports can you do in this season? Step2.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”

Let the students work in groups and answer the following questions: 1.Look outside.What’s the weather like today? 2.How does this weather make you feel? Step3.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the weather like today?2.It is snowing, isn’t it?

3.what’s the temperature?4.is it going to rain today, isn’t it? Step4.Read the text and check the answers.Read the text in roles.Step5.Practice：Work in three students.Suppose you are a weather reporter.Now report today’s weather to the others in your group.Then report it to the class.Step6.Practice：Make up a dialogue between two or three students in class.It is about the weather in spring.Let some students act it out before the class.Step7.Homework 1.Find something that represents spring and show it to the class next time.2.Finish off the activity book.Lesson 2: It’s Getting Warmer!

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: become, became, become, fact Oral words and expressions: daylight, melt, lightning, fascinating Teaching Aim: 1.Know something more about spring;2.The compound words.Teaching Important Points: 1.When does spring begin? 2.How many hours of daylight are there on March 21st? 3.What is the weather like? Teaching Difficult Points: the compound words Teaching Preparation: some pictures of spring Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, some pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Let the students on duty reports the weather to the class.The others listen and decide it is right or wrong.Step2.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the date today?

2.How many ways can you write dates? 3.How many hours of daylight are there on March 21st? 4.What is spring weather like? 5.What is the temperature of the air near lighting? Step3.Read the text and check the answers.Step4.Listen to the tape again and imitate after it until they can read it fluently and correctly.Step5.Ask the students to ask other questions according to the text.You can begin like this: 1.When does the sun rise in the morning and when does it set in the evening? 2.Does it snow in early spring? 3.What is sometimes with thunder and lighting? Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Work in groups and discuss these questions.Then let them report it to the class.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Write a composition about spring.Summary: We are enjoying spring now.We can feel it is warmer than before.But not all of us know when the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening.Let the students observe after class, write it down and report it to the class.It can cultivate the students’ interests of learning

English.Lesson 3: Postcards!

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: road Oral words and expressions: outdoors Teaching Aim: 1.Grasp how to write a letter and the address.2.Know more about the spring in China and Canada.Teaching Important Points: 1.Find the differences between China and Canada in spring.3.Find the differences between the clothes that we wear in winter and in spring.Teaching Difficult Points: 1.What’s the weather like in Edmonton?

2.How to express one’s idea easily in a letter? Teaching Preparation: a postcard Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, postcards Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Free Talk：Let the students work in three and talk about the sports that we often do in spring.Then give a talk for the class.Step2.Have a match Read the text and see who read it best.Remember to encourage the students who preview the new lesson.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it.Play the tape for several times until they can read it fluently and correctly.Step4.Ask the students to find questions and solve them.They can ask the questions like this: 1.How did Li Ming go to school on March twenty-first? 2.What’s the temperature that afternoon? 3.What time does the sun rise this morning? 4.Is it snowing in Canada? 5.When does it often snow in winter? 6.Did Danny fall in the snow? Step5.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”

Write a postcard to your friend to introduce the weather here.Then write the address and stick a stamp on it.Mail it in the post office.Step6.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Listen to the song in Lesson 4.Summary:Written English is an important part in English learning.Practice is the key to it.Do they have the spelling mistakes or the grammar mistakes in the writing? Find out and help them come over it.Pay more attention to the writing because it’s an important part of communication.Lesson 4: Sun Is Rising Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: one by one, change Oral words and expressions: hillside, gently, blossom Teaching Aim: Enjoy the beauty of the spring Teaching Important Point: Grasp the changes that spring bring us Teaching Difficult Points: How to use “warm” and “gently”.Teaching Preparation: something that represents spring Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures or flowers Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Read the song aloud as a poem.This song has this song has common English words: come with me, through the trees, one by one, the flowers blossom.Translate these expressions into English.Step2.Play the audiotape and let the students just listen with the eye closed.Step3.Play the tape again and let the students sing with it.Step4.Explain the common English expressions.Step5.Practice the song a few times, with and without the audiotape.Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.STEP7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Write down what you can see in spring.Summary We use this lesson to cultivate the students’ sense of enjoying English songs.Pay attention to the rhyme, rhythm and repetition in the song.Learning English songs is a little difficult from Chinese songs.Find the ways in which we can learn fast.Lesson 5: Fun in the Sun Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: shall, kick Oral words and expressions: cycling, How/What about„? Shall we„? Teaching Aims: How to enjoy oneself in spring.Teaching Important Points: 1.the sports that we do in spring.2.some drills: How about„? Let’s„ Teaching Difficult Points: How to advice sb.to do sth.Teaching Preparation: basketball and soccer Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards and balls Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure:Step1.Listen to the tape of Lesson4 again, then let’s sing the song together.Step2.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the degree?

2.What will Danny wear tomorrow? 3.What will they do after school? 4.Why don’t Danny like basketball?

Step3.Read the text and check the answers.Then read the text again.Step4.Act the dialogue out in front of the class.Step5.Make up a similar dialogue according to the text.Let’s the students act it out in front of the class.Step6.Come to “PROJECT”.Divide the class into several groups.Write the answers down.Ask the several groups to change their answers.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Review the last lesson.Summary Spring is a beautiful season.It’s the favourite season of many people.In this season, everything begins to turn green.Spring represents the beginning.We have many things to do in it.We can fly kites and play ball games.Running in the wind is what we like to do in our childhood.Lead your students to think hard what they like to do in this season.Let them talk freely in the class.Lesson 6.Danny the babysitter

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: playground, hold, hold on, come down, push Oral words and expressions: babysitter, babysit, Debbie, bar, swing, swung Teaching Aims: 1.We should love each other.2.The duty of a babysitter Teaching Important Points: 1.How to demonstrate one thing clearly.3.Cultivate the spirit of loving each other.Let’s love life and peace.Teaching Difficult Points: Some verb phrases: turn around, hold on, fall off, run to, come down, climb on, give sb.a push Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Work in pairs.Tell your partner what you did after school yesterday.The teacher walks around to provide help if necessary.Step2.Skim the text and ask questions by the students themselves.Then solve them by themselves, too.Let some students write their questions on the blackboard.Then let others answer them.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it until they can read it correctly and fluently.Step4.Ask some students to come to the front and act it out.Pay attention to who is clever enough to add something new.Step5.Retell the story in a third person.Step6.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.In a group of three, make up a “babysitting” role-play.Ask volunteers to act it out.Then it’s the other students’ turn.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.suppose one day, you become a babysitter, what will you do? Summary When we practice in the class, don’t forget to give chances to the poor students.When they have a little progress, encourage them to work hard.That’s what a good teacher should do.Lesson 7: Danny’s “Debbie” Day

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: herself Oral words and expressions: partly, all day Teaching Aims: 1.Learn to write a diary.2.What do we write in a diary.Teaching Important Points: When we are babysitters, what can we do? Teaching Difficult Points: the Past Tense Teaching Preparation: some toys Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, some toys Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure:Step1.Work in groups.Retell Lesson 6 in Past Tense in a third person.Step2.Read the text silently by students themselves.Then answer the questions in the activity.Check the answers in the class.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it.Some students may think it is easy to listen with the book.Then listen to the tape again with the book closed.At the same time, the teacher asks some students to repeat some sentences to see if they can listen clearly.Step4.Let some students read the text aloud in front of the class.Let’s have a match.Who can read it fast and correctly? Step5.Practice Work in groups.Write down experience that you have ever been a babysitter.Do you think it easy to be a babysitter? Why or why not? Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Do the exercises on Page 9.Summary Can you write down your experience clearly? We often write in a time order.Expressing your ideas in English is not easy.So give the students more chance to practice.Writing is also an important way to check the grammars.Lesson 8: Unit Review Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions from Lesson1 to Lesson8.Oral words and expressions from Lesson1 to Lesson8.Teaching Aims: 1.Know about more knowledge in spring.There are many things that we don’t know before.2.What sports do people usually do in China and in Canada? Teaching Important Points: 1.What’s the weather like in spring? 2.The sports that we do in spring.Teaching Difficult Points: The using of some expressions: Let’s„, shall we„?turn around, come down, finally, then Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Teaching Procedure: Step1.First let’s sing the song together.Step2.Talk with your partners about the differences between the sports that we do in China and in Canada.Step3.Have you ever been a babysitter? Let some students talk about their experience in front of the class.Step4.Finish the exercises on Page7.Find some difficulties and solve them in front of the class.Step5.Let some students talk about what we learn in this unit.What do they want to say about spring? Step6.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity.2.Prepare for a small quiz.Summary

The aim of teaching is not what they learn.The most important is to teach them how to learn.Cultivate the ability of learning by themselves in the class.Encourage them to find and solve questions

in class.

第三篇：初二英语下册复习提纲(第七单元)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

1.turn… down/turn… up 关小声/调大声音（电器）

2.turn… on/ turn …off 打开/关闭（电器）

3.move the bike 移动自行车

4.in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,马上

5.be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上学/上课迟到

6.wait in line=stand in line 排队等候

7.cut in line=jump a queue 插队

8.get mad/annoyed 变得生气

9.happen to sb 发生在…身上

10.half an hour 半小时

11.at first 首先

12.at last=in the end=finally 最后

13.allow sb.to do /not to do sth.允许某人做/不做某事

14.be allowed to do /not to do sth.某人不被允许某人做/不做某事

15.in public 当众地；公开地；公然地

16.in public places 在公共场所

17.break the rule 不遵守规则

18.pick… up 捡起

19.put …out 熄灭

20.drop litter 扔垃圾

21.keep the voice down 控制声音

22.do the dishes

23.put on another pair of jeans

24.be at a meeting

25.help me in the kitchen

26.make some posters

27.clothing store

28.follow…around

29.want to be polite

30.stand in the subway door

31.cut in line

32.stand close to..33.have different ideas about

34.feel uncomfortable

35.in all situations

36.in public places

本单元目标句型：

1.Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗?

2.Not at all.I'll do it right away.一点也不.我马上就扫.3.Would you mind not playing baseball here.你介意不要在这打棒球吗?

4.Would you mind giving me a smaller one?

5.Sorry, we'll go and play in the park.对不起，我们到公园去打.6.Could you(please)make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗?

7.That's no problem.没问题.8.Could you(please)not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you(please)not feed the dog?=Please don't feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗?

9.If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.10.Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.11.The store clerk gave you the wrong size.12.The waitress brought you the wrong food.13.The pen you bought didn't work.14.You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger.15.We asked some people what annoyed them.Here's what they said.16.I don't like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.17.This happens to me all the time in the school library.18.Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite.19.The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.20.Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.21.We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.22.Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior.23.This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.24.In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.25.People don't usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this.26.看到有人抽烟你可以说：Could you please put out that cigarette?

27.看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说：Would you mind picking it up?

28.看到有人插对你可以说：Sorry, would you mind joining the line?

常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结

使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如： 1.He is watching TV in the room.2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？

What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.5.在以下结构中

1).enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事；

2).finish doing sth； 完成做某事；

3).feel like doing sth 想要做某事；

4).stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事）

5).forget doing sth 忘记做过某事；

6).go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；

7).remember doing sth 记得做过某事；

8).like doing sth 喜欢做某事；

9).find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做

10).try doing sth 试图做某事；

11).need doing sth 需要做某事；

12).prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事；

13).mind doing sth 介意做某事；

14).miss doing sth 错过做某事；

15).practice doing sth 练习做某事；

16).be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；

17).can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；

18).waste time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做…;

19).keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…

20).stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事

21).prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B

22).“do some +doing”短语

如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking

23)．“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）

如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting(打猎)

注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配:

I feel(am/was)excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost

Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom

第四篇：初二下册第一单元作文

初二下册第一单元作文

无论在学习、工作或是生活中，大家一定都接触过作文吧，作文根据写作时限的不同可以分为限时作文和非限时作文。你知道作文怎样写才规范吗？下面是小编为大家收集的初二下册第一单元作文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

我静静的坐在教室里，在那孤零的灯下。拿起笔，勾画一些文字，这次有所不同的是，这篇文章是献给我最亲最爱的却又非常陌生的一个人——母亲。我不知道，在记忆里，母亲究竟是什么样的?更不知道，母亲该是一个怎样的人。

我一直在思考，可得不到答案。

当我看着这个题目的时候，我发呆了，“献给母亲的歌”该怎么去写，是歌颂她把我带到了这个世界，还是歌颂她给了我生命……我想用脑中的言语来歌颂母亲，但却是一片空白。

我已度过了十七个春秋，可这十七个春节里，却没有母亲的存在，有些事情我真的不想太透露的，我的记忆中，母亲那是一个陌生的词语，一场病患，让我与妈妈再没有一句对话，她不会再叫我一声“儿子”，也不会再去吵我去骂我，我的妈妈不会说话，没有语言能力。

直到现在我仍没能接受这个现实，每当看到别人妈妈喊孩子回家吃饭时，心里羡慕的同时又多了一份心痛;看到别人写给妈妈的文章时，我再想我的母亲是怎样的?我不知道母爱是什么感觉，有人说很温暖，很安全，而我却没有体会过。母亲的爱如涓涓细流，流过孩子的心田，我的心田却是干涸的……

也许现实就是如此，现实永远改变不了，虽然我不晓得什么是母爱，但我却明白什么是感恩，我没有母爱，是上天的不公，我有生命，却是我的母亲赋予的。我不再奢求母亲能给我什么，我的母亲给了我一个身躯，这一点也许是我永远应该铭记的。

如果非要歌颂母亲什么，我想大声告诉全世界：感谢母亲给了我生命，感谢母亲给了我一切。不论母亲将来会是什么样，但她永远是我的妈妈，我亲爱的母亲。她在我的记忆里几乎为零，但我的一切记忆都是母亲所给我的，我的生命没有母爱，却有母亲。

献给母亲的歌，那应该是最感动的，最发自内心的呼唤!

在这漫漫三月，妈妈您的节日到了--“三八”国际妇女节。妈妈，借此机会女儿要把心里的歌献给您。

常听人说：“世间有部大书，永远读不完，那便是母爱。”的确，您给予我的爱无所不在，无穷无尽。每次放学回家，迎来的总是您关切的问候;每次考试完毕，得到的总是您殷切的鼓励……沐浴着温馨的母爱，日子一天天过去，我一天天在成长，您却在一天天地衰老了。

回想以前，您的脸在岁月的无情中刻下了沧桑的烙印，那是苦难岁月留下的一个记念。您含莘茹苦地养育了我们姐妹。一提起想起往事，母亲总是先沉默，接着便滔滔不绝地叙说着以前的事情，那些说不清，道不明的苦处啊!不同的是，今天的母亲在谈完往事后脸上总是现出微笑，那是摆脱困境，对现在生活满意的一种表现。

随着时光的流逝，儿时的记忆早已逝去，然而，您那淳淳教诲却时常在我的脑海里环绕。您总是说：“我只能给你当方向盘，要想成功，只能靠你自己，所以你必须学会独立，自己去寻找人生的`航标。”

在成长的道路上的每一个驿站，面对着考试的失落，友谊的分裂，让我倍感寂寞。而您，总是细心的开导我。：“‘天下无不散的宴席。’这次的分离是为了下一次更好的相遇。”您是那么善解人意，让我懂得这次的分离意味着更好的把握着下次重逢的喜悦。

在不知不觉中，浓厚的母爱早已渗透在我的生活中的点点滴滴中，您用那双平凡的手为我撑起一片蓝天。

妈妈您对我的爱就像一首唱不完的歌，今天我要把这首歌送给您，因为女儿也一样爱着您。

第五篇：初二第一单元历史

1．19世纪上半期，英国成为最强大的资本主义国家，英国发动鸦片战争的根本原因：19世纪上半期，为了开辟中国市场，推销工业品，掠夺廉价的工业原料。向中国走私鸦片的直接原因：为了扭转贸易逆差。

2．1839年，林则徐被道光帝派往广州进行禁烟，进行暗访密查，缉拿烟贩，收缴鸦片。6月在虎门海滩销毁鸦片200多万斤。历史意义：这是中国人民禁烟斗争的伟大胜利，显示了中华民族反对外来侵略的坚强意志，领导这场斗争的林则徐，成为民族英雄，这次活动成为鸦片战争的导火线。

3．1840-1842年，第一次鸦片战争爆发。鸦片战争以后，中国开始从封建社会逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，是中国近代史的开端。

4．1856-1860年，英法联军为进一步打开中国的市场（目的），发动了第二次鸦片战争。1860年占领北京后，火烧圆明园。英法为主凶，美俄为帮凶。

5．在第二次鸦片战争前后，俄国强迫清政府签订了一系列不平等条约，共割占了中国东北和西北领土一百五十多万平方公里。（结合第8页表格和第9页图掌握）

6．1851-1864年太平天国运动，1851年，洪秀全在广西桂平金田村起义。1853年占领南京改为天京，定为都城，建立起与清朝对峙的政权。为推翻清朝统治（目的），派军队北伐和西征。1860年青浦战役，李秀成大败洋枪队，1862年在浙江宁波慈溪战役，击毙洋枪队头目华尔（美国人）。

7．19世纪60至70年代，英国、俄国想争夺新疆，左宗棠作为钦差大臣，采取“先北后南，缓进急战”的策略，收复了新疆。为加强西北边疆的管理和防务，1884年，清政府在新疆设立行省。

8．1894-1895年，甲午中日战争中，致远舰管带邓世昌与敌舰同归于尽，威海卫战役，北洋舰队全军覆没。清政府失败后，李鸿章与日本首相伊藤博文于1895签订了《马关条约》，大大加深了中国半殖民地化程度。

9．1900年春，义和团运动矛头直指帝国主义侵略势力。是一次反帝爱国运动（性质），英、美、俄、日、法、德、意、奥八国联军在英国海军司令西摩尔率领下，在廊坊被义和团围困。

10．1901年，清政府被迫同八国签订了丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》，危害：给中国人民增加了新的沉重负担，严重损害了中国的主权，从此，清政府完全成为帝国主义统治中国的工具。中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。

11．19世纪60年代到90年代，洋务派中央以奕为代表，地方以曾国藩、李鸿章、左宗堂、张之洞为代表。掀起一场“师夷长技”的洋务运动，前期以“自强”为口号，采用西方先进生产技术，创办了安庆内军械所、江南制造总局、福州船政局等一批近代军事工业。后期以“求富”为口号，开办了一些民用工业，如李鸿章在上海创办的轮船招商局、张之洞创办的汉阳铁厂、湖北织布局等。从70-80年代筹建了南海、北洋和福建三支海军。1862年创办的京师同文馆是洋务派创办的第一所新式学堂。

12．评价洋务运动（第30页内容，重点掌握〕

13．1895年春，《马关条约》签订的消息传到北京，康有为、梁启超领导的“公车上书”揭开了变法维新的序幕。后来他们将《万国公报》改名《中外纪闻》作为强学会的机关报发行。

14．1898年6月到9月，光绪帝发布了一系列变法令，内容（P33）：要求从政治、经济、军事、教育、思想五个方面掌握。1898年是旧历戊戍年，因此称这次变法为“戊戍变法”.这次变法历时103天，因此又称为“百日维新”。甘为变法流血的人是：谭嗣同。

15．1894年，孙中山在檀香山组织了革命团体兴中会(第一个资产阶级革命团体)。1905年，他在日本东京建立统一的革命组织中国同盟会(第一个资产阶级革命政党)，孙中山当总理，通过了推翻清朝统治，废除君主专制，建立民主共和国，改革土地制度的革命纲领，它的成立，大大推动了全国的资产阶级民主革命运动。创办了机关刊物《民报》，在发刊词中，把同盟会的革命纲领阐发为“民族”、“民权”、“民生”三大主义，“三民主义”是孙中山领导辛亥革命的指导思想。

16．辛亥革命的历史意义：1911年的辛亥革命推翻了清朝的统治，结束了我国两千多年的封建帝制，使民主共和观念深入人心。但是，辛亥革命的果实被北洋军阀袁世凯窃取，没能完成反帝反封建的任务。1912年元旦，中华民国成立，孙中山任大总统。