初中英语知识小结(句子)

第一篇：初中英语知识小结(句子)

句 子（简单句）

简单句通常只由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成，一般分为以下4种：

陈述句

陈述句的否定形式：

1）谓语动词如果是be(am, is, are, was, were)、情态动词时，在它们的后面加”not”

2）谓语动词如没有上述词语而是其它动词时，须在它的前面加do not(don’t);does not(doesn’t);

did not(didn’t)

3）如果have/has+过去分词的现在完成时结构，have/has是助动词，否定形式是haven’t/hasn’t 特别注意：句子中含有little, few, hardly, never, neither, nor, seldom等词时，视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.疑问句 一、一般疑问句：用yes或no来回答的疑问句 陈述句变一般疑问句：

1）谓语动词如果是be(am, is, are, was, were)、情态动词时，直接把be动词或情态动词提到句首 2）谓语动词如没有上述词而是其它动词时，则在主语前面加助动词do/does/did，原来动词改为原形

二、特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句（结构：疑问词+一般疑问句+？）常用疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what 常用疑问副词：when, where, why, how

三、反义疑问句：

含义：表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问，要求对方用yes或no来回答

由两部分构成：前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是疑问句（be, have，助动词或情态动词+主语）注意：

1）陈述句是肯定句，反义疑问句必须用否定结构；陈述句是否定句，反义疑问句必须用肯定结构 2）反义疑问句的两部分，必须保持人称和时态的一致

三、反义疑问句的回答

无论哪种形式的反义疑问句，回答时都要遵循:“Yes+肯定形式”或者“No+否定形式” 例句：

1）---The man went away, didn’t he? 那个人走了，不是吗？

---Yes, he did.是的他走了。/ No, he didn’t不，他没走。2）---He isn’t old, is he? 他不老，是吗？

---Yes, he is.不，他很老/ No, he isn’t.是的，他不老。

感叹句

含义：用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。结构：

1）对含有形容词或副词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是“what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+（主语+谓语）

用来强调句子中的名词。如：What a beautiful girl(she is)!2）对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是“How +形容词/副词+（主语+谓语）!”，用来强调句子中的形容词、副词。如：How beautiful the girl is!

祈使句

含义：用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。

肯定形式：动词（原形）+其他。如：Please open the door.请开门。

否定形式：Don’t+动词原形+其他。如：Don’t look back.不要回头看

特别注意：以“Let’s” 引出的祈使句的否定结构，”not”应该放在”let’s”的后面。如：Let’s not trouble him.主谓一致

含义：谓语受主语的支配，必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循以下几条原则：

一、语法一致原则：

1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定是作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。如：

To work hard is necessary for a student.2）由and或both…and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Both he and I are right.注：并列主语如是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数，如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.2.and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略），后面的谓语动词用单数形式。如：Every man and every woman is busy at working.3)由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。4）成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, stockings等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，如：Where is my shoes?；但如果前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数，如：My new pair of socks is on the bed.5)以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词（例如；一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等），或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。如：Mathematics is my favorite subject.6）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如：

The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。

7）“the+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。如：The Smiths are having dinner.8）a number of+复数名词表示“很多，大量“，谓语动词用复数；

the number of +复数名词表示“…的数目“时，谓语动词用单数。

如：A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会

The number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。

二、意义一致原则：

1）单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。

例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。

2）多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”

3）英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。

例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。My family are all looking forward for your coming.我的家人都在期待着你的到来。4）从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。例句：When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。Note：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。

例句：What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。5）专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家（组织）名等，通常作单数用。

例句：The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。

6）表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。

例句：10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。7）加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。

例句：2 and 3 is 5.二加三于五。8）“分数或百分数+of+名词“构成的词组作主语是，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。

如：It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.Three quarters of the surface of the earth is sea.三、就近原则：

1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are two apples and one egg in it.2）当or, either… or… , neither… nor, not only… but also等连接的并列主语时，谓语动词与最

近的主语保持一致。如：Either you or I am right.要么是你对，要么是我对。

3）如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

Here is a pen and some books for you.四、主语一致原则：

当主语后面跟有with, along with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：He as well as I wants to go shopping.倒装句

一、so+助动词/be动词+主语

意为：与前者情况一样 如：He likes playing football.So do I.二、so+主语+助动词/be动词

意为：的确如此 如：He likes playing football.So he does.句 子（复合句）

宾语从句

一、宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句

二、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分

三、宾语从句中引导词的用法

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if)they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句 与or not连用时

例句：I don’t know whether they will come or not.在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.在介词的后面

例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

例句：If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the library.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）连接代词(who, whose, what ,which)和连接副词(when ,where, how, why)引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。例句：Do you know who he is? 例句：Nobody knows where she comes from.四、宾语从句的时态

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：He said that he did his homework.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.定语从句

一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1).that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（作主语）

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（作宾语）

2)which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The building which stands near the library is a.位于图书馆附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3).who, whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

状语从句

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。

1.时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out.Let’s wait until the rain stops.We won’t start until Bob comes.Don’t get off until the bus stops.2.条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He won’t be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and(or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3.原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?------Because I don’t want to.As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4.结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如： He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如： It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如： Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.5.比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如： Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6.目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8.地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：

Go where you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.

第二篇：初中英语小结

1.How long have you ___ this pair of shoes?

A.wore B.worn C.wone D.wear

答案：B

worn[wɔ:n] adj.有旧的;穿坏的，是wear的过去分词

wear[wɛə]vt.穿着，戴着；面露；留着（胡须等）；磨损

vi.耐用；保持不变；磨损，耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过

n.穿着；穿戴物，衣物；磨损，穿旧；耐用性

现在分词：wearing；过去式：wore；

第三人称单数：wears；过去分词：worn；复数：wears；

How long have you worn the pair of shoes?

用现在完成时提问，是因为穿多久是到问这个问题的时候截止。从以前开始穿到现在为止多久。

2.I have ___ all my papers but I still can't find the my notes.A.looked through(预览)B.looked around（环视）C.looked after（照顾）D.looked out（当心，注意）

答案：A

3.They set out _____(search)for the_____ boy

A.searching;losing B.searching;lost C.to search;lost D.to search;missed

答案：C

set outto do.有开始做的意思，是固定短语。也可以说此处to do表目的。句中已经有了谓语动词，不能再填谓语动词是对的，此时应该填非谓语动词（to do,done,doing)根据意思to do最合题意。“他们开始（目的是）寻找丢失的那个男孩”。失踪的男孩，表达应该是the lost boy或者the missing boy

4.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I_____there several years ago.A.are goingB.had beenC.wentD.have been

答案：C

Alittlebitabout译为“一点关于…”全句译为“由于我和我妻子在几年前去过意大利、所以我知道一点有关意大利的事

后面有several years ago（几年前）故用过去式

5.she prefers ___at home to ___ outside.她宁愿待在家里也不想出去玩

A.to stay;go B.staying;going C.stayed;went D.stay;go

答案：B

prefer doing喜欢做什么;prefer A to B相比B,更加喜欢A.6.pizza is a ___of this restaurant.披萨是这家饭店的特色菜

A.specialty B.special C.specialist D.specially

答案：A

specialty解释: n 特长（special特别）单词词缀:-ty词缀解释: 表名词，用在形容词后，把形容词

变成名词

special单词解释: a 特别的；专门的（speci种类+al→[属于]种类的→特别的）单词词缀: speci

词缀解释: =look, kind, 表示“外观，种类”

specialist n.(医学)专家,专科医生;专家;专业人员

specially ad.专门地,特别地

7.Samuel suggested she ___the subway during the rush hours

翻译：Samuel建议她上下班时乘地铁

A.to take B.take C.takes D.taking

答案：B（X）正确答案是D

suggest单词解释: v提议，建议（sug在下面+gest→从下面带上来→建议）单词词缀: gest, gister

词缀解释: =carry, bring, 表示“带来，产生”

Suggest的用法：1.接动名词做宾语:suggest doing;

I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建议将运动会延期

He suggested going out for a walk.注意：suggest 不可以加不定式，所以上面的句子不可以这样写：

He suggested to go out for a walk.(Χ)

2.建议某人做某事是suggest sb doing

3.Suggest表示建议，用法如下：

Suggest+ 名词/代词或suggest+名词/代词to+人，但不能说suggest sb sth ,即不能加双宾做宾语

eg:We suggest him the plan(Χ)但We suggest the plan to him(√)4.“建议做某事”，英语通常用 suggest doing sth，而不能用

suggest to do sth；

“建议某人做某事”，但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth，而说

suggest sb’s [sb] doing sth；

要表示向某人提出某情况，suggest后不能接双宾语，即不能用suggest sb sth，而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如：他建议坐飞机去，可我认为这样花费太大。

正：He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.误：He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.8.Tom sounds very much ___ in the job,but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.翻译：Tom听起来对工作非常有兴趣，但是我不确定他是否能够担任这份工作。

A.interest;B.interesting;C.interested D.interest

答案：C

nterest可作名词，表示“兴趣”，或接在一个地名后面，表示“名胜”。

interest也可以作及物动词，后面接名词。

interesting是形容词，意思是“有趣的”。

interested也是形容词，意思是“使人感兴趣的“，这个词表示人的心理活动。

二．1.Week by week her list grew

翻译: 一周一周过去了，她的名单越列越多

2.proud;[praud]adj.骄傲的;自豪的;骄傲自大的;得意的;感到光荣的3.wonder;['wʌndә]n.惊异;惊奇;奇迹;vi.vt.感到惊奇;怀疑;纳闷;想知道;v.对„感到疑惑;诧异;奇观;奇事;对„感到奇怪;想要知道;感到诧异;觉得惊奇;问

自己;

1.I wonder why you're homed by the police.我想知道你为什么让警察送你回家。

2.I wonder what the dickens was eating away at him.我不知道到底是什么事在使他烦心。

3.I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came.我很想知道他是谁，从哪里来，来干什么。

4.opinion;n.意见,看法,主张[ә'pinjәn]n.意见;看法;主张;见解;判断;评论;

1.My opinion trended towards yours.我倾向于你的意见。

2.Her opinion will impinge on my decision.她的意见将影响我的决定。

3.He tends towards my opinion on this matter.在这件事上他倾向于我的意见。

4.三．

1.for years好多年

我的法语丢了好几年了，都忘得差不多了。I haven't used my French for years and have forgotten almost all of it.2.bills n.账单；议案（bill的复数）v.开账单（bill的第三人称单数形式）

3.stuck v.刺（stick的过去式）adj.被卡住的；不能动的4.I owe you eight hours of digging time.我欠你八小时的挖掘时间

6.Sunflower ['sʌnflauә]n.葵花;向日葵;

7.tend [tend]v.照料;看顾;vt.照管;护理;趋向;vi.倾向于;走向;

倾向;投标;易于做某事;有助于;有某种倾向;

单词解释: v 照看；倾向做单词词缀: tend词缀解释: tent，tens

=stretch，表示“伸展”

8.don't seem to miss my children as much as i once did

我似乎不想念我的孩子,我曾经一样

9.when i think about what my children have done for me

当我思考我的孩子们为我所做的10.30 minutes from the station and colse to all main bus routes30分钟从车站和接通到所有主要的公交线路

11.season n.时期；季节；赛季vt.给…调味；使适应vi.变得成熟；变

干燥

12.reasonable.['ri:znәbl]adj.有道理的;合情合理的;公道的;

有理的;讲理的;公道地;合理的;有理性的;讲道理的;

适当的;

13.full board possible全食宿可能

14.board n.董事会；木板；甲板；膳食

vt.上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿

 vi.寄宿

15.gym [dʒim] n.((口语))体育馆;健身房;同gymnasium;

16.separate ['sepәreit, 'sepәrit] adj.分离的;个别的;vt.使分

开;v.各自的;分离;分隔;分手;vi.分开;隔离;使分开(离);

分开了的;分开的;单独的;

17.available [ә'veilәbl] adj.可利用的;通用的;可获得的;可

得到的;可用的;可取得的;可采用的;有效的;

单词解释: a 有用的；有效的（avail+able）单词词缀: uail,ual词缀解释: = strong，表示“强壮”

18.canteen[kæn'ti:n] n.小卖部;临时餐室;食堂;

第三篇：初中英语there be小结

there be 小结

1.基本结构

There be +主语 + 地点 /时间状语。如：

There is a computer in the room.房间里有一台电脑。

There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有两场电视剧。

2.主谓一致

要采取就近一致原则，和*近be的主语一致。如：

There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只钢笔，两把尺子。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.门口有两个男孩，一个老师。

3.主语后的动词形式

在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词；是被动关系时用过去分词。如：There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。

There are five minutes left now.现在还有5分钟。

4.反意疑问句。

反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。如：

There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机，是吧？

There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生，是吧？

5.there be 与have的替换

there be表示所属时可与have替换。

There is nothing but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。

6.there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。

注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。

There is nothing to do.没有事可做。

There is nothing to be done.没有办法(束手无策)。

7.与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：

There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。

There used to be a cinema here before the war.战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。

8.变体

there be结构中的be有时可用live, stand, remain等代替。如：

Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。

9.习惯用语

There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽误。例如：

There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友没有什么好处。

He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。

第四篇：初中英语小结

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump（比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing be afraid to do(of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 23 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样

be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?

be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 40 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时

be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

be in good health 身体健康

be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定

be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）

be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句

because+句子 because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间

borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同

bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

He's bothering me to lend him money

by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来

catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地

come in 进88 come over to 过来

come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？

communicate with sb 和某人交流

consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？

dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……

each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么

far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）

fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）

get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth

get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳

go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of

go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事

have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈

have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since

have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来

have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

have to do sth 必须做某事

have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

have…time +doing

have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

help a lot 很大用处

help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 帮助某人做某事

hope to do sth 希望做某事

How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)

how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

if : 是否＝wether

eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国

in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为

in some ways 在某些方面

in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东）

第五篇：初中英语句子

初中英语句子大全

1、Who is the lady in white 穿白衣服的那位小姐是谁？

2、I'm a farmer.我是个农民。

3、Do you have glue I need some here.你有胶水吗？我这里需要一点。

4、What time is it now 现在几点？

5、Do you have shampoo here 这儿有香波卖吗？

6、Is that girl a student 那个女孩是学生吗？

7、What does he do 他是干什么的？

8、Do you have my pencil 你拿了我的铅笔吗？

9、Yes, I have your eraser, too.是的，我还拿了你的橡皮。

10、I really don't known.我真不知道。

11、We must arrive there on time.我们必须准时到那儿。

12、Can she be a driver 她可能是个司机吗？

13、No, I'm a single son.没有，我是独生子。

14、It's two o'clock.现在两点。

15、子

16、Can you finish your work ahead of time 你能提前完成工作吗？

17、Rose, let me introduce my friend to you.罗斯，让我介绍一下我的朋友。

18、Just call me Tom.就叫我汤姆吧。

19、Could you introduce me to her 你能把我介绍给她吗？

20、Who is the guy over there 那边那个人是谁？

21、Does your computer have a modem 你的电脑有调制解调器吗？

22、If you have more, please give me some.如果你有多的，请给我。

23、No, she isn't.不，她不是。

24、May I have your name 能告诉我你的名字吗？

25、My watch says two o'clock.我的表是两点钟。

26、It's not four o'clock.还没到四点呢。

27、There are only two minutes left.只剩两分钟了。

28、My watch is two minutes fast.我的表快了两分钟。

29、Do you have any brothers or sisters 你有兄弟或姐妹吗？

30、What's your name 你叫什么名字？

31、Who are you 你是谁？

32、She must be a model, isn't 她一定是个模特，不是吗？

33、It's a quarter past five.现在是五点一刻。

34、Yes, I think so.是的，我认为是。

35、What do you do 你是做什么的？

36、What's the time by your watch 你的表几点了？

37、I have no idea about it.我一点都不知道。

38、I have some left.我剩下一些。

39、What's your family name 你姓什么？