第一篇:初一语法总结
一.词汇 ⑴ 单词
1.介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1).in表示“在……中”,“在……内”。
例如: in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2).on 表示“在……上”。
例如: on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3).under表示“在……下”。
例如: under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4).behind表示“在……后面”。
例如: behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5).near表示“在……附近”。
例如: near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6).at表示“在……处”。
例如: at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7).of 表示“……的”。
例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2.冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。
a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。This is a cat.这是一只猫。It's an English book.这是一本英语书。His father is a worker.他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
What can you see in the classroom? 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
I can see a bag.我能看见一个书包。
Where's the bag? 书包在哪呀?
It's on the desk.在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如: Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何的”。例如: Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family与home
family看作为一个整体时,意思是“家庭”,后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。My family is a big family.我的家庭是个大家庭。My family are all at home now.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。
home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指“家”、“房屋”,侧重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in
Beijing.我的家在北京。He isn't at home now.他现在不在家。It's a picture of my family.这是一张我全家的照片。
5.little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义,意为“少的”,加不可数名词。There is little time.几乎没时间了。There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。
二.日常用语
1.Come and meet my family.2.Go and see.I think it's Li Lei.3.Glad to meet you.4.What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books.5.Can you see an orange? Yes, I can./ No, I can't.6.Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.7.Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。see 在这是“明白、懂了”,不可译作“看见”。
8.Please have a seat.seat表示“座位”,是个名词。have a seat表示“就坐”,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三.语法
1.名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为“……的”。一般有以下几种形式:
(1)一般情况下在词尾加“'s”。例如: Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2)如果复数名词以s结尾,只加“'”。例如: Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3)如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加“'s”。例如: Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节
(4)表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸。动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加“'s”,而常常用介词of的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2.祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1)祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see.去看看。Come in, please.请进。
(2)祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books.不要看书。
Don't play on the road.不要在马路上玩。
3.There be 的句子结构 There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为:There be + not +(any)+ 名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there +(any)+名词+地点状语?
肯定回答:Yes, there is / are.否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?---Yes, there is.有。---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?---No, there aren't.没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many...are there(+地点状语)?“某地有多少人或物?”回答用There be...There's one./ There are two / three / some...有时直接就用数字来回答。One./ Two...---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
be from=come from
a few+可数名词 a litte+不可数名词
lt“s down+街名+on the left(r ight)沿着XX街的左(右)走
take a work =go for A work(散步)
enjoy sth ,enjoy donging sth ,enjoy +one self =have fun ovre there =lt“s therel hope to do l hope +句子
一、How do you like...? 〔句型介绍〕 用来询问对某人 / 物喜欢到什么程度,意为”你觉得......怎么样“,常以I like...a lot / a great deal / very much.回答。-How do you like your hometown? 你觉得你家乡怎么样?-I like it very much.我很喜欢。〔句式比较〕 What do you think of...?= How do you think about...?= How do you find / enjoy...?不知道对方是否喜欢某人 / 物而加以询问,回答时应对此人 / 物作出评价。-What do you think of / How do you think about the book? 你认为这本书怎么样?-Very interesting.很有趣。-How do you find / enjoy this programme? 你认为这个节目怎么样?-Dull.枯燥。〔特别提醒〕 注意这些句式的不同含义。
二、What do you have for...? 〔句型介绍〕 用来询问某人一日三餐吃什么,for后面应接一日三餐名词。-What do you have for lunch? 你中午吃什么?-I usually have rice.我通常吃米饭。〔句式比较〕 What do you eat for...?与What do you have for...?用法相同。-What do you eat for your supper? 晚饭你吃什么?-Noodles.面条。〔特别提醒〕 因句中have为实义动词,所以该句型不能改为What have you for...?
三、What do you do...? 〔句型介绍〕该句询问对方职业,意为”你是干什么的?“,人称可随语境而变化,第一个do为助动词,单复数随主语的变化而变化,第二个do为实义动词。-What do you do? 你是干什么的?-I'm a worker.我是一个工人。〔句式比较〕 What are you? 你是干什么的?what表职业,be动词单复数随主语的变化而变化。What is he? 他是干什么的?-He is a student.他是一个学生。〔特别提醒〕 注意what的不同含义。
四、How do you go to...? 〔句型介绍〕 该句为询问对方交通方式的用语,常用by, in, on接交通工具的名词作回答。-How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学?-By bus.乘公共汽车。〔句式比较〕 How do you come to...?的用法与How do you go to...?句型相似。-How do you come to our school? 你怎么来到我们学校的?-In a taxi.打的来的。〔特别提醒〕 回答这两个句型时,by后面应接交通工具名词原形,而in, on后面根据需要可用不定冠词或数词修饰交通工具名词。
五、What's your favourite...? 〔句型介绍〕 该句用来询问对方最喜欢什么,相当于What...do you like best?-What's your favourite subject? 你最喜欢什么学科?-English.英语。-What colour do you like best? 你最喜欢什么颜色?-Red.红色。〔句式比较〕 Which...do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一个......?-Which book do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一本书?-This one.这一本。〔特别提醒〕关注这些句型含义和结构的微小区别。
六、What's wrong with...? 〔句型介绍〕 该句询问某人或某物有何毛病,意为”......怎么啦?" wrong为形容词,前面不加定冠词。What's wrong with you? You don't look well.你怎么啦?脸色看起来不好。〔句式比较〕 What's the matter / trouble with...?含义和用法与What's wrong with...?相同,matter和trouble为名词,前面应加定冠词。-What's the trouble / matter with your bike? 你的自行车怎么啦?-It can't run fast.它走不快。〔特别提醒〕 注意这些句型中连系动词后面有无冠词。
第二篇:初一期末语法总结
一、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。
单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
二.this,that和it用法
1.this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
2.距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
3.放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:
This is a pen.That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
4.向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:
This is Helen.Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦,这是汤姆。
5.This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike.That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
6.打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:
—Hello!Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? —Yes, this is.Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
7.在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? —Yes, it is.是的,它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s a kite.是只风筝。三.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed.That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good.那些画很好。③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如: ④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are.是的,他们是。
四.不定冠词a和an
a和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。a用在辅音音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书);an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如:
a clock 一座钟
an old clock 一座旧钟
a book 一本书
an English book 一本英语书
a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果
an apple
一个苹果
五.名词+’s所有格
六.There be句型
1.There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。
下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:
There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book.2.There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀: Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。
要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如: ①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.3.注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.七.一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征、状态。
当主语是非第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如:
当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下表:
八.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素
1.主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。如:
She is a girl.→They are girls.2.am,is要变为are。如:
I’m a student.→We are students.3.不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:
He is a boy.→They are boys.4.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:
It is an apple.→They are apples.5.指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:
This is a box.→These are boxes.九.英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)。英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。如: ①She was born in 1989
②She was born in August.③She was born in August 1989.④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.十.名词单数变复数
在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:
(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”
box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5)特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
十一.时间的表达法
1.直读式,即直接读出时间数字
7: 05 seven five
8:16 eight sixteen
2.过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1:25 twenty-five past one
2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
3.12小时制
6:00 a.m.上午6点
8:20 p.m.下午8点20分
4.24小时制
13:00 13点钟
22:15 22点15分
5.15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter past four
5:45 a quarter to six
6.时间前通常用介词at
at 5 o’clock
at 7:30 p.m.十二.关于时间的问法
1.以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点,如:
①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
②My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。这里就是指一天的时间段
①When do you go home?
你几点回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4:30回家.这里when问的是具体的时间。
2.具体几点我们通常用what time提问,如:
①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 现在几点了?
It’s 9:26.现在九点二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了?
It’s 8:36.Oh, It’s 50 minutes late.8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。③What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6点起床。
第三篇:初一语法总结及练习
初一语法总结
一、词法
1、名词A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himselfit it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirsthese those themselves3、动词A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句肯定陈述句
a)This is a book.(be动词)
b)He looks very young.(连系动词)
c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)
否定陈述句
a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?
肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.写出下列名词的复数形式
1)Cemetery________ 2)tooth _______3)country ______4)month________
5)sandwich_______ 6)brush _______7)candy bar______8)kangaroo ______
9)man ________10)day _______11)watch _______12)photo ________
13)orange ________14)dictionary _______15)tomato _______ 16)dollar _________
17)peach_______18)strawberry ______ 19)church______20)child _________
用动词的正确形式填空
1.You ______ from India.Brian _____ from Korea.And I _____ from China.(be)
2.I ______ Chinese and English.Brian _______ German, Chinese and English.(speak)
3.George ________from Italy but he _______ spaghetti very much..(come, like)
4.Penguins _______ in Antarctica.It’s cold, so no people want __________ there.(live)
5.The movie is very scary.I __________ it is a good movie for kids.(think)
6.--Can I _____ your dictionary?
--I am sorry.My dictionary is at home but I think Mary _____ one.(have)
7.We are in the music club.Tom ____ ______ the piano.Michael and Diana _____
_____ the violin.I __________ the guitar.(play)
8.The 1st class _____(start)at 8:00 o’clock and it _____(be)over at 8:40.9.His mother is a teacher.She ______(teach)Chinese in our school.10.I usually ______(come)to the classroom at 7:00 am.But he always ______
(come)to schoolat 7:50 am.11.Julia always ______(go)shopping by car.But sometimes she ______(take)a bus.12.---______(Do)your father usually help you with your homework?---Yes, he
______(do).13.He ______(not go)home on weekends.So he always ______(wash)clothes by himself.14.Peter ______(speak)English very well.He can also ______(speak)French and German.15.David______(not play)football.He only ______(watch)the football games on TV.16.My brother and I ______(want)to go to see an action movie.______(do)you want to go?
17.My uncle _______(not need)a calculator.18.---________(Do)Peter have a baseball ?
---Yes, he _____(do), and he ________ two baseball bats.19.Mum, can you ______(take)me to the tennis club?
20.---May I help you?
---Yes, I ________(look)for a book on gardening.将下列句子改为一般疑问句, 并作肯定和否定两种回答。
1.I have a dictionary.2.There are a lot of animals in the zoo.3.He does his homework at night.4.Dogs live in all parts of the world.5.Greenfield is a small village in England.将下列句子改为否定句。
1.There is a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2.Egypt has a very long river.3.She does her homework every day.4.I come to school by bus.5.She can swim very well.对划线部分提问。
1.2.3.4.5.7.Kangaroos live in Australia.8.9.He’
_______did you pay for the CD ?
Only nine dollars.A how manyB how muchC how longD how often
_______are you in such a hurry?
The meeting will start soon.I don’t want to be late.A whereB howC whenD why
第四篇:英语口语对话100组及初一语法总结
举报
1.Good morning.早上好。2.Good afternoon.下午好。
3.How are you.I‘m fine,thank you.你好么?我很好,谢谢。4.Are you fine today?
你今天还好么?
5.What‘s your name?
你叫什么名字?
6.This is my twin brother,这是我的双胞胎兄弟。
7.What is it?It‘s a photo of my family.这是什么?这是我的一张全家福 8.Who is she?She is my sister.她是谁?她是我的姐妹。
9.Who‘s this man? He is my father.这个男的是谁?他是我的爸爸。
10.What‘s he?He is a doctor.他是干什么工作的?他是一位医生。
11.Is this your mother? Yes,she‘s a worker.这是你的妈妈么?是的,她是一位工人。12.Are we classmates?Yes,we are.我们是同学么?是的,我们是同学。13.How old are you?I‘m twelve.你多大了? 我十二岁了。
14.He‘s my cousin Andy.他是我的堂兄安蒂。
15.He‘s polite and helpful.他很有礼貌而且乐于助人。16.She is short and slim.她又矮又瘦。
17.He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。
18.He is from England.He‘s English.他来自英格兰,他是英国人。19.I have a photo here.我这边有张照片。
20.Let me have a look.让我看一下。
21.Is this their dog? 这是他们的狗么?
22.Do you know this boy? 你认识这个男孩么? 23.Look at them.看他们。
24.They are happy too.他们也很高兴。
25.All my new classmates 我所有的新同学
26.Open/Close the door.打开/关上门。
27.Stand up./ Sit down.站起来/坐下。
28.clean the window 擦窗户
29.go to school 去学校
30.You are late.Don‘t be late again.你迟到了。别再迟到了。
31.There are sixteen boys and fourteen girls in my class.我们班里有十六个男孩和十四个女孩。32.an art room 一间美术室 33.a poster 一张招贴画
34.fifteen rubbers 十五块橡皮
35.eighteen pencils 十八支铅笔
36.twenty students 二十个学生
37.Is this your school?
这是你的学校么?
38.Is there a computer room in your school?
你的学校有一个电脑房么? 39.football field 足球场
40.How many classrooms are there in your school?
你的学校有多少间教室? 41.an office 一个办公室 42.a toilet 一间厕所 43.a library 一个图书馆
44.Are there three buildings in Tom‘s school?
汤姆的学校里有三座大楼。
45.Are there three art rooms in Building C?
在 C 栋大楼里有三间美术室
46.Is there a playground in Tom‘s school? 汤姆的学校里有一个操场么?
47.How many halls are there in your school?
你的学校里有几个礼堂?
48.There are two hundred students in my school.我的学校有两百个学生。49.On the ground floor.在一楼(英式)
50.On the first floor.在一楼(美式)在二楼(英式)
51.There aren‘t any libraries in my school,but there are some reading rooms.我们学校没有图书馆,但有阅览室
52.Are there any libraries in the school?
学校里有图书馆么? 53.basketball court 篮球场
54.dining hall 食堂
55.reading room 阅览室
56.where is the bird? It‘s in the tree.小鸟在哪?它在树上。
57.where are the students?They are on the playground.学生们在哪?他们在操场上。
58.on the left/right of ……
在……左边/在……右边
59.what‘s in the tree?
什么东西在树上?
60.Some boats are on tne lake.湖上有一些船。61.behind the tree 在树的后面
62.under the chair 在椅子的下面 63.come here 到这儿来
64.in the middle of 在……的中间 65.between the two flowers 在两朵花的中间
66.what‘s in the box?
盒子里是什么?
67.what colour is it/are they?
它/它们是什么颜色
68.what are these? They are Dad‘s black trousers.这些是什么?它们是爸爸的黑裤子。69.her yellow blouse 她的黄色的衬衫
70.her pink sweater 她的粉红色的毛衣 71.his brown cap 他的棕色的帽子 72.his red T-shirt 他的红色的短袖衬衫 73.his blue jeans 他的蓝色的牛仔裤 74.her grey skirt 他的灰色的裙子
75.whose bike is it?
它是谁的车?
76.Here is your coat.这是你的外套
77.Take your kites.把你们的风筝拿走。78.Here you are 给你
79.Here they are.And here are your socks.它们在这儿,这是你的袜子。80.Here are my pictures.这是我的图片。
81.Do you have a camera?
你有一架相机么? 82.comic book 漫画书
83.Do you have any bats?
你有球拍么? 84.model plane 模型飞机 85.whose ball is this?Is it yours? No,it‘s not mine,it''s hers.这是谁的球?是你的么?不,不是我的,它是她的。
86.every student has ……
每个学生有…… 87.what do they have in their lockers?
他们的储物柜里有些什么? 88.a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
89.what about Millie?
米莉怎么样?
90.beside ……
在……旁边
91.sports shoes 运动鞋
92.whose watch is this?
这是谁的手表?
93.Are these hair clips yours?
这些发卡是你的么?
94.I don‘t have any yellow hair clips.我没有黄色的发卡。
95.Whose bats are these? 这些是谁的球拍?
96.Who has a pet in your class?Many students have.你们班谁有宠物?很多学生都有。97.What pets are they?
他们是些什么宠物?
98.We can play football there.我们可以在那儿踢足球
99.You can‘t bring your dog here.你不能把你的狗带到这儿来。100.Look at the sign.看这个标志。
下面对初一语法做以简单归纳:
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)
b)He looks very young.(连系动词)
c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)
否定陈述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad?
d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?
肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句 ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.Nowadays ,more and more college students are now engaged in part-time jobs.They work in their spare time as private tutors, salesmen, waiters or shop assistants.People wonder whether it is good for students to do so.Some people think that working in spare time will interfere with the students’ study as they think the students’ task is to study and failure in his lessons will surely cast shadows on his future life.Of course their worry is reasonable.The others believe that taking spare-time jobs has many advantages and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.Firstly, the students can earn money to support themselves by doing spare-time jobs, thus reducing our parents’ financial burden.Secondly , doing part-time jobs can improve our communication skills rapidly as well as demonstrate our ability by putting what we learn on campus into practice.Finally, doing part-time jobs helps us to gain some social experience In my opinion, taking part-time jobs can provide us students with more chances of social practice, which benefits us both psychologically and economically if we keep a balance between study and jobs.In Bill Gates' Book for high school and college graduates, there is a list of 11 things they did not learn in school.In his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel good, politically-correct teachings created a full generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this education set them up for failure in the real world.在比尔·盖茨写给高中毕业生和大学毕业生的书里,有一个单子上面列有11项学生在学校里学不到的事情。比尔·盖茨谈到“政治正确”的教导培养出一整代不知现实为何物,却还感觉良好的年轻人,而这种教育只能使年轻人成为现实世界中的失败者。
The 11 things are:
这11项事情是:
1.Life is not fair, get used to it.生活是不公平的,你要去适应它。
2.The world won't care about your self-esteem.The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.世界并不会在意你的自尊。这世界指望你在自我感觉良好之前先要有所成就。
3.You will not make 40 thousand dollars a year right out of high school.You won't be a vice president with a car phone, until you earn both.高中刚毕业你不会一年挣4万美元。你不会成为一个公司的副总裁,并拥有一部装有电话的汽车,直到你将此职位和汽车电话都挣到手。
4.If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.He doesn't have tenure.如果你认为你的老师严厉,等你有了老板再这样想。老板可是没有任期限制的。
5.Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity.Your grandparents had a different word for burger flipping;they called it opportunity.烙牛肉饼并不有损你的尊严。你的祖父母对烙牛肉饼可有不同的定义;他们称它为机遇。
6.If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.如果你陷入困境,那不是你父母的过错,所以不要尖声抱怨错误,而要从中吸取教训。
7.Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now.They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you are.So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents' generation, try “delousing” the closet in your own room.在你出生之前,你的父母并非像他们现在这样乏味。他们变成今天这个样子是因为这些年来他们一直在为你付账单,给你洗衣服,听你大谈你是如何得酷。所以,如果你想消灭你父母那一辈中的寄生虫来拯救雨林的话,还是先去清除自己房间衣柜里的虫子吧。
8.Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not.In some schools they have abolished failing grades;they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer.This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.你的学校也许已经不再分优等生和劣等生,但生活却仍在做出类似的区分。某些学校已经废除不及格的分数;只要你想找到正确答案,学校就会给你无数的机会。这和现实生活中的任何事情没有一点相似之处。
9.Life is not divided into semesters.You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself.Do that on your own time.生活不分学期。你并没有暑假可以休息,也没有几位雇主乐于帮你发现自我。自己找时间去做那些事情吧。
10.Television is NOT real life.In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.电视并不是真实的生活。在现实生活中,人们实际上得离开咖啡屋去干自己的工作。
11.Be nice to nerds.Chances are you'll end up working for one.善待你不喜欢的人。有可能你就会为一个自己不喜欢的人工作。
第五篇:初一名词语法+练习题
名词的数(分可数名词和不可数名词)可数名词[c]n.:
1.可数名词有单数和复数之分,单数可是_________来修饰,复数可用______________ ______________________________________及数词等修饰。
2.以o结尾加es的词: _________________________________________________________
3.以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
4.单复数同形有:____________________________________________________________
5.复数名词的有:____________________________________________________________
6.特殊变的有: man-________, child-________, foot-________, mouse-________
不可数名词[u]n.:(1).它不能用_________________修饰,也没有_____________形式,(2).他们可以用_______________________________________________________等修饰。
3.常见的[u]n.有_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________