第一篇：专升本辅导3 不定式
专升本辅导材料3不定式
一、It +adj.to do sth.1.It is easier to spend money than to make money.2.It takes time to study English well.3.To err is human;to forgive, divine.4.To solve this problem takes a genius like Einstein.二、动词 + to do
1.I hope to see you again.2.This company refused to cooperate with us.3.He promised not to tell anyone about it.Agree, appear, beg, begin, dare, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, like, love, manage, mean, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, swear, try, want, wish,4.I wonder who to invite.5.Show us what to do.6.I don’t know whether to answer his letter.Ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, find out, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe,remember, see, tell, teach, think, understand, wonder
三、省to:
Let, make, have, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, listen to,四、作定语----动宾关系
1.She has four children to take care of.2.I had no place to live in.3.You just regard me as a thing, an object to look at, to use, to touch, but not to listen to or to take care seriously.4.I gave the kid a comic to read.5.I need a piece of paper to write on.五、被only, last, next, 序数词，最高级形容词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
1.I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.2.The next train to arrive is from New York.3.Clint was the second person to fall into this trap.4.Clint was the only person to survive the air crash.六、作状语
1.To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.2.We had better start early to catch the train.3.He lived to be a hundred years.4.What have I done to offend you?
***
5.We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.6.All too often, Women complain that they’re educated as equals, only to go out into the workforce to be treated as inferiors.**
7.He is not enough to go to school.8.The teacher speaks loudly enough to make himself heard clearly.七、用在形容词后的主谓关系
1.He was surprised to learn how much he had spent.2.The boy was careless to break the window.Brave, careful, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, kind, nice, polite, selfish
3.She is interesting to listen to.=It is interesting to listen to.4.She is very nice to talk to.= It is very nice to talk to her.八、短语省to
Had better, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might(just)as well, cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help
1.I cannot but admire his courage.2.We might as well put up here for tonight.Do nothing / anything/ everything but do
1.I have nothing to do but wait.2.I have no choice but to wait.3.he needs nothing but to succeed.4.He will do anything but give in.5.All that I could do then was wait.6.All you do now is complete this form.练习
不定式
I.用it+ to do 造句
1。拥有一些亲密的朋友很重要。
2。对别人要有礼貌，这点很重要。
3。学习别国语言＆文化很有趣。
4。学外语难吗？
5。很难交到真心朋友。
6。做人要诚实，这很重要。
7。鱼儿离开水不可能存活。
8。学生学英文有必要多练习。
9。老师应该对学生们有耐心。
10。人们不可能直视太阳。
II.适当形式填空
11.The boy was made ____(sing)the song once again.12.Don’t make children _____(work)too hard.13.They would rather ____(die)than ___(surrender).14.He could not choose but___(love)her.15.She could do nothing but ___(change)her name under the circumstances.16.He had his son ____(play)the violin three hours a day.17.There was nothing to do except ___(escape).18.He has not alternative but ____(go)and ask his sister for help.19.A: What can you see in a park?
B: I can see birds ___(fly in the sky and sometimes I can see people ____(do)shadowboxing.A: Do you hear anything in the park?
B: Yes, I can hear people ____(chat)here and there and sometimes I can hear young people ___(speak)English at the English corner.III.Multiple Choice
20.I couldn’t do anything but ____ there and hope.A.just sitB.just sittingC.just to sitD.just to sitting
21.After twenty years abroad, William came back only ____ his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.A.findingB.to findC.was findingD.was to find
22.He came all the way to help her ____ that she drowned herself in a well.A.only to findB.to findC.in order to findD.so as to find
23.Caught in the act, he had no alternative but ___/
A.confessB.confessingC.confessedD.to confess
24.The girl tried many times to sneak across the border to a neighboring country, ____ each time.A.having been caughtB.always being caught
C.had been caughtD.only to be caught
25.He couldn’t help ____ after he heard the news.A.bursting into tearsB.burst into tears
C.bursting out tearsD.burst out crying
26.She ____ admit that they were justified in this.A.could help notB.could not but
C.could but notD.could not help
27.They would sooner ___ for a drink.A.goingB.to goC.goD.not to go
28.Sometimes _____ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.A.that is difficultB.is difficult
C.it is difficultD.that it is difficult
29.They forbade ____ to the right park.A.him to goB.him going
C.he should goD.he went
30.The parents scolded the child and make her promise ____ again.A.never to do thatB.what to do never
C.that never to do thatD.so never to do that
31.The child may be able to attain his immediate goal ____ that his method brings criticism from people who observe him.A.only to findB.only findC.only finding
D.only have found
32.The total influence of literature upon the course of human history ____.A.is difficult to evaluateB.is difficult to evaluate it
C.difficult to evaluate itD.it is difficult to evaluate
33.The first explorer ____ California by land was Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826.A.that he reachedB.to reachC.reachedD.reaching it
34.She could do nothing but ____ her name under the circumstances.A.to changeB.changingC.changeD.to be changed
35.He had his son ____ the violin three hours a day.A.to playB.playC.playingD.played
36.There was nothing to do except ____.A.to escapeB.escapeC.escapingD.having escaped
37.He has no alternative but ____ and ask his sister for help.A.to goB.toC.goingD.goes
38.I need a piece of paper to ____.A.write onB.writeC.be writtenD.write with
39.He was the first ____ and last ____.A.arriving---leaving---B.to arrive---to leave---
C.arrive---leave---D.for arriving---for leaving
40.I’m not sure which restaurant ____.A.to eat onB.to eat atC.eating atD.for eating
41.I have no place ___ and no food __.A.to live--to eatB.to live in---to eat
C.to live into eat atD.living ineating
42.The teacher doesn’t allow _____ on the exam.A.his students to cheatB.his students’ cheating
C.to cheatD.his students cheat
43.In 1938 Pearl S.Buck became the first American woman ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.receiveB.receivedC.to receiveD.she received
44.The teachers don’t know ____ to start and run a school.A.what it takesB.what they take
C.what does it takeD.what takes
第二篇：成人高考专升本英语作文辅导
第一部分：分是一分一分的得，不是靠瞅天花板。
各位学员：考上不难，最难的是自己的畏难情绪，不清楚对方还不清楚自己水平？ 好多学员说怎么考？我害怕？如果你害怕就参加今晚的辅导，我们不见不散。如果你来不了无法参加培训，就把老师的考前辅导，英语 作文看看，作文一：如果是写信 ：不管你会不会：开头先写称呼：，再问好；再写一句“期待您的来电”。
Dear ~~(Tom)Hello！（嗨，这是打招呼）How are you ? I’m looking forward to your reply.期待你的回复。（一般用于文末）
结尾的落款Yours~(Tom，Li Ming)哪怕其他话题你狗屁不通一句不会了，这些最少能挣4-5分。一共一百多分的录取分数线，考试都是一分一分的得分。
作文二：如果公司举行会议或活动，写个告示：
If you can join us ,piease give me a reply soon.如果你参加，请尽快回复我。
结尾的落款Yours~(某某公司)这样也能得俩三分吧？
（我们有位同学把历年的英语作文题目整理出来发群里，竟然没人喝彩，我王老师懂得这份劳动成果来之不易。有的同学看了以后发表感慨这么多我怎么背诵？同学：还有一周的时间，你背诵也能背几篇，每篇不到200个单词。我四十岁都觉得背诵这个不难。）切忌：浮躁，踏踏实实的看完老师的辅导须知，对一些学员都有难度。
详解：这几年成人高考英语试题，作文写信的多数，不管是不是，同学们都有必要看看英语老师传在群文件中的的作文参考范文。一方面可以掌握书信的写作格式，实在不懂写内容，但是开头的称呼Dear ~~(Tom，Li Ming)，结尾的落款Yours~(Tom，Li Ming)这些基本格式总要写上去，写作格式正确也会得几分，记着我们的目标是能得一分是一分。另一方面看看范文可以找点感觉，不是要背句子，而是看看作文的写作思路。请记住以下三个写信常用的句子： I’ve got good news for you.我有好消息要告诉你。（一般用在开头第一句）
You are welcome to visit my home / Guilin anytime.欢迎随时来我家/ 来桂林玩。（一般用于文末）
If you can join us ,piease give me a reply soon.如果你参加，请尽快回复我。
I’m looking forward to your reply.期待你的回复。（一般用于文末）
2、因为是流水作业改试卷，改卷老师从来没有也不会看过阅读理解里面的英文。完全不懂英语，或者英语非常差的同学可以从阅读理解里面摘抄英语句子。如似懂非懂，可以参考，参照模仿阅读理解的句子，改头换面用到自己的作文里面。作文没有标准答案，意思接近也可以得分的。记住一定要写够单词数。
3、在意思表达都正确的情况下，句子用的词汇越好，结构越好自然可以得高分，但是这个需要我们平时的积累，而我们的同学多数英语基础不好，那我们的战略则是不求句子优美只求句子意思表达正确，所以我们要尽量用最简单常见的句型，可以是小学英语或者初中英语常见的句型，例如：I think/ feel that ……（我认为/ 觉得某事），I glad that ……（我很高兴某事），It’s good / OK/ very important / very lucky that ……（某事好/ 很重要/ 很幸运）。举例的这几个句子大家一定要记着，是万能句子，非常好用，80%以上的情况可以硬套进作文里，哪怕凑数也能得几分。
4、复杂的词汇就不多说，下面给同学们几个连接词作为句子的开头，可以使整篇作文的思路表达清晰，对于英语差的同学就可以硬套进去，也占字数，还可以得几分 First/ Second/ Besides/ Finally 首先，第二，再次，最后
On one hand，on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 In a word 总而言之
Although/ But/ However/ At the same time 虽然，但是，然而，同时 Recently/ Today/ Now 最近，如今，现在
Lukcily/ Especially 幸运地，尤其
Generally speaking
成人高考英语写作必背句型
一、~ the + ~ est +名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
~ the most +形容词+名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~(全世界都知道……)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的……)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子(……的优点是……)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create(produce)any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子(……的原因是……)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be，S + V~~~(虽然……)
例句：Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.{by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……)
例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read，the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving，~~ can ~~(借着……，……能够……
例句：By taking exercise，we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~(……的人……)
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~(没有人不……)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V(不得不……)
例句：Since the examination is around the corner，I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that +句子(可想而知的)It is obvious that +句子(明显的)It is apparent that +句子(显然的)
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~(那就是……的原因)
例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don‘t like it.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past +时间，S +现在完成式……(过去……年来，……一直……)
例句：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school，he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~(……是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on(以……为基础)
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V(不遗余力的)We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to +人+事(让……明白……事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~(与……息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related t o health.做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V(养成……的习惯)
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving，~~~(因为……)
例句：Thanks to his encouragement，I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三
十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么……!)
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三
十一、Leave much to be desired(令人不满意)
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三
十二、Have a great influence on ~~~(对……有很大的影响)
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三
十三、do good to(对……有益)，do harm to(对……有害)
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三
十四、Pose a great threat to ~~(对……造成一大威胁)
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三
十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one’s best(尽全力去……)
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
第三篇：动词不定式教案
动词不定式教案
教学目标
1.学会什么是动词不定式 2.会使用动词不定式 重难点
1.能正确的使用动词不定式的各种用法 教学步骤
Grammar: 动词不定式 Ⅰ.不定式句法功能
1.作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。→ The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主语常见句型：
a)It is + adj.(easy, important, difficult…)+ 不定式
b)It is + n.(a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame)+ 不定式
eg.It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c)It takes/needs/requires + some time(hours, months, days, patience…)+ 不定式 eg.It requires patience to be a good teacher.2.作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
eg.Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg.The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作宾语
The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。Eg.We have no choice but to wait.Cf.We can do nothing but wait.4.宾语补足语
在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。
a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等 You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾补，不跟to do…
eg.They believe him to be honest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to ①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等
②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等 Don’t let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to His father made him go to bed early.→He was made to go to bed early by his father.5.作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等
eg.He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等
eg.His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.③序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语： She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg.He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.主谓关系
I’ve no time to listen to your excuse.同位关系
She has a meeting to attend.（动宾关系=attend a meeting）
There’s nothing to worry about.(动宾关系=worry about nothing)6.作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的状语
All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving ②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.③enough to, too…to结构 eg.The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.④形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构 eg.I’m glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg.To tell you the truth, I hate you.8.作同位语
eg.The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb.to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb.to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
eg.It’s very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
Eg.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。
Eg.Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.②不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg.---Is Bob still performing?---I’m afraid not.He is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been D.to be left 答案是A ③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg.It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.The book is said to have been translated into many languages.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
第四篇：2013年成考(专升本)英语写作辅导汇总
2013年成考专升本英语写作辅导
1、We're often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction.But is this really the case?
我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真的如此吗?
2、An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age ” via the Internet.In reaction to the phenomenon，some say the Internet has removed barrters and provided people with immediate access to the world.But do they raelize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy?
越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私?
3、There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers.Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability.They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China's cities.But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force，on the other hand，maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program.目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。
4、It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding.Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program.But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem.人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。
5、Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems.But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides，I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness.大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。
6、Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime.But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject，little evidence exists to support the claim.很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。但是，虽然刑事学家就这一课题做了详尽的研究，几乎没有证据能支持这种说法。
7、When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing，some people think that use should be limited.Others argue that the opposite is true.There is probably some truth to both arguments，but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。
8、The use of guanxi is a widespread method for conducting business，but is it a wise one?The method is now being challenged by more and more people.利用关系是做生意的普遍做法，但这种做法明智吗?现在，越来越多的人对这种方法提出了质疑。
9、These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor.Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem.But has it ?Close examination fails to bear out the argument.最近，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗?细致的调查无法证实这一观点。
10、When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S.President Bill Clinton，most people say the affair involves a purely private matter.But many other people regard his actions as deplorable.I personally think the president committed impeachable offences.当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔。克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。
11、Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now.历史上，人口过剩的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。
12、The rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached on valuable cultivatable land，and led to a general recognition that development must not be carried at the cost of agriculture.The government has attached greater importance to the problem and an increasing number of redundant projects are being terminated.城区的迅速扩大在很多情况下侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的不必要的工程被终止。
13、Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption，which is pervasive in all levels of government.也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是遍布各级政府的官员腐败。
14、Inflation is yet another new and bitter truth we must learn to face.通货膨胀又是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。
15、One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on the lack of adequate housing space.许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
16、There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection.世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。
17、There has been a dramatic increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS in recent years，with a new study projecting that the dreaded disease will affect over 30 million people worldwide by the year 2005.近年来，艾滋病蔓延的幅度进一步扩大，一项新的研究预测，到2005年，世界上有超过三千万人将感染这一可怕的疾病。
18、Working with the disabled cannot help but leave one impressed with their indefatigable desire.与残疾人一起工作使一个人不得不对他们坚持不懈的渴望印象深刻。
19、Perhaps no issues are more controversial than euthanasia and abortion，both of which involve taking the life of a human being.也许没有问题比安乐死和人工流产更有争议性，它们都涉及结束一个人的生命。
20、One of the pressing problema facing our nation(China)today is overcoming disparities in urban and rural income levels.我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是克服城乡收入水平之间的差距。
31、Quite obviously，immediate action is needed to extricate 80 million Chinese people from the grips of poverty in order to remove the danger of social unrest and ensure continuing stability.很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。
32、The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of AIDS will be brought under control in the foreseeable future.提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
33、What do you think of the increasing openness accompanying the ongoing sexual revolution?Do you ever fantasize?Answers to these questions should be based on a determination between appropriate and inappropriate behavior.你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度?你曾经想像过吗?回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。
34、Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world?This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people.既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索?现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。
35、Judging from the reams of evidence presented，we can safely conclude that the Three Gorges Project will change the lives of an untold number of people forever.根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。
36、Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child?Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely.Some view strict discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse，while others argue it is an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior.家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子?针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。
37、We must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer.If allowed to proceed unchecked，the problem will undoubtedly exacerbate global warming and threaten life as we know it today.我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。如果任其自由发展，这一问题无疑会加剧全球升温，并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。
38、I recently read a newspaper article on the rampant spread of child abuse.The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse of innocent children has aroused public concern nationwide.最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。
39、Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid，but none fully address the problem and the issue must be examined in a wider context.目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
40、Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution.认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。
31、Quite obviously，immediate action is needed to extricate 80 million Chinese people from the grips of poverty in order to remove the danger of social unrest and ensure continuing stability.很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。
32、The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of AIDS will be brought under control in the foreseeable future.提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
33、What do you think of the increasing openness accompanying the ongoing sexual revolution?Do you ever fantasize?Answers to these questions should be based on a determination between appropriate and inappropriate behavior.你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度?你曾经想像过吗?回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。
34、Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world?This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people.既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索?现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。
35、Judging from the reams of evidence presented，we can safely conclude that the Three Gorges Project will change the lives of an untold number of people forever.根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。
36、Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child?Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely.Some view strict discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse，while others argue it is an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior.家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子?针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。
37、We must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer.If allowed to proceed unchecked，the problem will undoubtedly exacerbate global warming and threaten life as we know it today.我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。如果任其自由发展，这一问题无疑会加剧全球升温，并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。
38、I recently read a newspaper article on the rampant spread of child abuse.The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse of innocent children has aroused public concern nationwide.最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。
39、Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid，but none fully address the problem and the issue must be examined in a wider context.目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
40、Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution.认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。
第五篇：贵州省2013专升本考试语文辅导
2013年专升本语文文言文虚词辅导复习
以
（一）介词
作为介词，“以”的用法较多且意义复杂，但基本内容是表示动作行为的依据或凭借，其余用法大多可视为这一其本用法的引申和变化。分别说明如下：
表示凭借
基本用法和意义是表示动作行为以某人、某物为依据或凭借，可译为“用”、“拿”等。
例如：
（1）臣具以表闻，辞不就职。（《陈情表》）
（2）世言晋王之将终也，以三矢赐庄宗。（《五代史伶官传序》）
有的表示以某事或某种技能为依据或凭借，意义有所虚化，除可译为“用”“拿”外，还可译为“凭借”、“依照”、“根据”等。例如：
（1）王好战，请以战喻。（《寡人之於国也》）
（2）以五十步笑百步，则何如（《寡人之於国也》）
（3）皆以用战为名。（《李将军列传》）
有的表示凭借某种身份、资格或地位从事某事，意义更为抽象。例如：
猥以微贱，当侍东宫。（《陈情表》）
而广以良家子从军击胡。（《李将军列传》）
其后四岁，广以卫尉为将军，出雁门击匈奴。（《李将军列传》）
表示原因
原因是导致某种结果的逻辑根据，因此此种用法可视为表示凭借用法向更为抽象的事理逻辑方面的延伸和发展，可译为“因”、“因为”、“由于”等，有时也可直接翻译为“凭着”、“凭借”。例如：
（1）左右以君贱之也，食以草具。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）
（2）臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶。（《陈情表》）
（3）臣以供养无主，辞不赴命。（《陈情表》）
（4）但以刘日薄西山，气息奄奄。（《陈情表》）
（6）翰以文章自名，为此传颇详密。（《张中丞传后叙》）
表示带领、带领
可以带领、带领的其实也一定是可以依赖、可为凭借的，因此也与表示凭借的用法有一定的关系，有时甚至也可直接翻译为“凭”、“靠”。例如：
（1）以尔车来，以我贿迁。（《诗经 氓》）
（2）以千百就尽之卒，战百万日滋之师。（《张中丞传后叙》）
表示时间
“以”的此种用法相当于“在”、“于”，有时可据需要译为“按照”。例如：
以元朔五年为轻车将军。（《李将军列传》）
斧斤以时入山林，林木不可胜用也。（《寡人之於国也》）
表示关涉或处臵对象
“以”的此种用法相当于“把”、“让”等。例如：
矫命以责赐诸民，因烧其卷。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）
寡人不敢以先王之臣为臣。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）
于是梁王虚上位，以故相为上将军。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）
必以其言为信。（《张中丞传后叙》）
（二）副词
作为副词，“以”主要表示某种情态或语气。例如：
（1）君家所寡有者，以义耳。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）――以：只有，也就是。
（三）连词
作为连词，“以”的语法功能与“而”类似，只不过通常只用于表示顺承接续 的种种关系，可译为“就”、“来”、“而”、“然后”、“而且”等，也可不译出。例如：
（2）今皆解鞍以示不走。（《李将军列传》）
（3）且硕茂，蚤食以蕃。（《种树郭橐驼传》）――蚤食以蕃：果实结得早而且结得多。
（4）挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。（《前赤壁赋》）
（5）驾一叶之扁舟，举匏尊以相属。（《前赤壁赋》）
（四）动词
“以”作为动词，常见的是“认为”、“以为”的意思。例如：
而吾未尝以此自多者，自以比形于天地而受气于阴阳。（《庄子 秋水》）
于是焉河伯欣然自喜，以天下之美为尽在己。（《庄子 秋水》）
由“以”构成的几种常见结构
1.“以”字结构用作补语
在古汉语中，由“以”构成的介宾结构，时常用作动词或动词性短的补语成分，表示这一动作行为的方式、工具、凭借或关涉到的人、事、物等。而现代汉语中这种用法基本不再出现，相关内容通常用状语或动词宾语的形式出现，这是在阅读理解时应当注意。例如：
（1）五亩之宅，树之以桑。（《寡人之於国也》）――树之以桑：把桑树种在那里（或：在那里种上桑树）。
（2）谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义。（《寡人之於国也》）――申之以孝悌之义：教给他们孝悌的道理。
（4）请其矢，盛以锦囊。（《五代史伶官传序》）――盛以锦囊：用锦囊装起来。
（5）方其系燕父子以组，函梁君臣之首。（《五代史伶官传序》）――系燕父子以组：用绳索把燕王父子捆起来。
（6）如君实责我以在位久，未能助上大有为……则某知罪矣。（《答司马谏议书》）――责我以在位久：用在位时间太长为理由批评我。
（7）而贼语以国亡主灭。（《张中丞传后叙》）――语以国亡主灭：告诉（他们）国家已亡、君王已死。
（8）不追议此，而责二公以死守。（《张中丞传后叙》）――责二公以死守：以死守孤城为理由指责张巡、许远。
3.省略了的介宾形式
在古汉语中，当介词“以”后面的宾语是代词（如“之”、“是”之类），而且所指代的对象已在前文出现时，那么这个代词宾语时常可以省略。阅读和理解时又可分为两种类型：
一是代词宾语所指代的对象出现在前面的句子中，相距较远，翻译时就应当把这个代词宾语补出。例如：
（2）左右以告。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）――手下把这件事告诉孟尝君。
（3）责毕收，以何市而反（《冯谖客孟尝君》）――以何市而反：用收债的钱买什么回来
（4）孝公用商鞅之法，移风易俗，民以殷盛，国以富强。（《谏逐客书》）――民以殷盛，国以富强：百姓因为变法而富足，国家因为变法而强大。
（5）臣无祖母，无以至今日；祖母无臣，无以终馀年。（《陈情表》）――无以至今日：不能靠祖母活到今天；无以终馀年：不能靠我度过残年。
（6）欲将以有为也。（《张中丞传后叙》）――打算留着这条命有所作为。
二是代词宾语所指代的对象在同句之中，而且就在“以”字之前，翻译时可直接将它作为“以”的宾语对待。这种情况也可看作是“以”的宾语为了强调而提前的形式。例如：
今大道既隐，天下为家……大人世及以为礼，城郭沟池以为固，礼义以为纪。（《礼记 大同》
将子无怒，秋以为期。（《诗经 氓》）――秋以为期：以秋为期。
今逐客以资敌国，损民以益雠。（《谏逐客书》）――用驱逐客卿的方式帮助敌国，用减少人才的行为使仇人获利。
3.“以为”
“以为”是古汉语常见的凝固结构，主要有两种意义：
一是复合动词，表示“认为”、“觉得”的意思，这较为常见。例如：
左右皆恶之，以为贪而不知足。（《冯谖客孟尝君》）
臣闻吏议逐客，窃以为过矣。（《谏逐客书》）
窃以为与君实游处相好之日久，而议事每不合。（《答司马谏议书》）
二是省略了代词宾语的“以”字结构与动词“为”组合而成，因此是两个词。理解和翻译时必须把“以”的宾语补出，才不致产生误解。例如：
伯夷辞之以为名，仲尼辞之以为博。（《庄子 秋水》）――以为名：以此博取高洁的美名；以为博：以此换取博学的赞誉。
长铗归来乎，无以为家！（《冯谖客孟尝君》）――无以为家：没有用来养家的资财。
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